Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0200(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0200
Peptide sequence	LQPY
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Leu-Gln-Pro-Tyr

Single-letter amino acid

LQPY

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
519.27 Da	519.59 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.92 ^c

IC₅₀

5.94 uM

pIC₅₀

-0.774

GRAVY

-0.6500^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal, Marine, Fish
Organism/Source	Small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula)
Precursor protein	Small-spotted catshark proteins
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1393 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek6 Source.2: DFBPPR1702 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-A 2 Source.3: DFBPPR2035 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-A 1 Source.4: DFBPPR2151 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-A 3 Source.5: DFBPPR2231 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek5 Source.6: DFBPPR2250 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek4 Source.7: DFBPPR2359 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable ion channel CASTOR Source.8: DFBPPR2545 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek1 Source.9: DFBPPR2609 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 15 Source.10: DFBPPR2805 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek2 Source.11: DFBPPR3770 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 51 Source.12: DFBPPR4090 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.8 Source.13: DFBPPR4585 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein MEI2-like 4 Source.14: DFBPPR6037 ---- Plant proteins ---- 19 kDa alpha-zein 19C2 Source.15: DFBPPR6057 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha PMS1 Source.16: DFBPPR6080 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha 19A2 Source.17: DFBPPR6081 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha 19B1 Source.18: DFBPPR6085 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha A30 Source.19: DFBPPR6093 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha 19C1 Source.20: DFBPPR6095 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha A20 Source.21: DFBPPR6096 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha GZ19AB11 Source.22: DFBPPR6101 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha M6 Source.23: DFBPPR8197 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aconitate hydratase, cytoplasmic Source.24: DFBPPR15966 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.25: DFBPPR16027 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho GTPase-activating protein 35 Source.26: DFBPPR16108 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 1 Source.27: DFBPPR16147 ---- Animal proteins ---- Telomerase reverse transcriptase Source.28: DFBPPR16660 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gamma-crystallin C Source.29: DFBPPR16689 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gamma-crystallin B Source.30: DFBPPR16920 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 2 Source.31: DFBPPR17022 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial Source.32: DFBPPR17289 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 Source.33: DFBPPR17353 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase-like N Source.34: DFBPPR17451 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.35: DFBPPR18019 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostatic acid phosphatase Source.36: DFBPPR18221 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gamma-crystallin B Source.37: DFBPPR18987 ---- Animal proteins ---- Methionine synthase reductase Source.38: DFBPPR19245 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit Source.39: DFBPPR19528 ---- Animal proteins ---- Methionine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic Source.40: DFBPPR19849 ---- Animal proteins ---- 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase, mitochondrial Source.41: DFBPPR20214 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein Source.42: DFBPPR20613 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gamma-crystallin D Source.43: DFBPPR20730 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gamma-crystallin F Source.44: DFBPPR20741 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 206 Source.45: DFBPPR20745 ---- Animal proteins ---- ETS-related transcription factor Elf-1 Source.46: DFBPPR20916 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM50 Source.47: DFBPPR21770 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator 4 Source.48: DFBPPR21834 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase-interacting protein Source.49: DFBPPR22027 ---- Animal proteins ---- F-box/LRR-repeat protein 4 Source.50: DFBPPR22441 ---- Animal proteins ---- Isochorismatase domain-containing protein 2 Source.51: DFBPPR8613 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thyroglobulin Source.52: DFBPPR8747 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bifunctional coenzyme A synthase Source.53: DFBPPR8903 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 2 Source.54: DFBPPR9140 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 1 Source.55: DFBPPR10608 ---- Animal proteins ---- Semaphorin-3D Source.56: DFBPPR10671 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 65 Source.57: DFBPPR11143 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cholinephosphotransferase 1 Source.58: DFBPPR11311 ---- Animal proteins ---- Forkhead box protein D1 Source.59: DFBPPR11942 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 1 Source.60: DFBPPR12311 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.61: DFBPPR12354 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein Source.62: DFBPPR12778 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor Source.63: DFBPPR13016 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein Source.64: DFBPPR13164 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.65: DFBPPR13591 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.66: DFBPPR13718 ---- Animal proteins ---- Antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1d Source.67: DFBPPR14966 ---- Microorganism protein ---- PAN2-PAN3 deadenylation complex catalytic subunit PAN2 Source.68: DFBPPR15193 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase DBP9
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 5.94 uM (The IC₅₀ value calculated with the QSAR-model proposed by Pripp et al.^[1]).
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The simultaneous addition of subtilisin and trypsin led to the final hydrolysates with the highest ACE-inhibitory activity.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

It is feasible to obtain short chain length peptides from fish discards in the Mediterranean Sea exhibiting a high inhibition of ACE.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	García-Moreno, P.J., Espejo-Carpio, F.J., Guadix, A., Guadix, E.M. Production and identification of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from Mediterranean fish discards. Journal of Functional Foods. 2015, 18, 95-105. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.062
Other literature(s)	[1] Pripp A H, Isaksson T, Stepaniak L, et al. Quantitative structure-activity relationship modelling of ACE-inhibitory peptides derived from milk proteins.[J]. European Food Research (&) Technology, 2004, 219(6):579-583.
PubDate	2015