Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0324(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0324
Peptide sequence	FVAP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Phe-Val-Ala-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

FVAP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	432.51 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

10.00 uM

pIC₅₀

-1.0

GRAVY

1.8000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine milk protein
Precursor protein	α_s1-Casein
Residue position	f(24-27)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0858 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET11 Source.2: DFBPPR0941 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase Source.3: DFBPPR1436 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET14 Source.4: DFBPPR1485 ---- Plant proteins ---- Pheophorbide a oxygenase, chloroplastic Source.5: DFBPPR1786 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET12 Source.6: DFBPPR1801 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor MYB4 Source.7: DFBPPR1850 ---- Plant proteins ---- Replication factor C subunit 1 Source.8: DFBPPR1928 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein disulfide isomerase-like 5-2 Source.9: DFBPPR2285 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein CYCLOPS Source.10: DFBPPR2428 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET13 Source.11: DFBPPR2543 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA topoisomerase 3-beta Source.12: DFBPPR2672 ---- Plant proteins ---- 63 kDa globulin-like protein Source.13: DFBPPR3602 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coatomer subunit alpha-2 Source.14: DFBPPR3638 ---- Plant proteins ---- 4-coumarate--CoA ligase-like 6 Source.15: DFBPPR3822 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coatomer subunit alpha-3 Source.16: DFBPPR3928 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coatomer subunit alpha-1 Source.17: DFBPPR4589 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S3, mitochondrial Source.18: DFBPPR5453 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial Source.19: DFBPPR5579 ---- Plant proteins ---- Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase Source.20: DFBPPR5788 ---- Plant proteins ---- Globulin-1 S allele Source.21: DFBPPR6118 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S3, mitochondrial Source.22: DFBPPR6139 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein MATERNALLY EXPRESSED GENE 3 Source.23: DFBPPR6475 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aquaporin PIP-type 7a Source.24: DFBPPR6804 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 2 A, chloroplastic Source.25: DFBPPR6806 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 2 B, chloroplastic Source.26: DFBPPR7467 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 2, chloroplastic Source.27: DFBPPR7535 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S3, mitochondrial Source.28: DFBPPR7717 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.29: DFBPPR8488 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.30: DFBPPR16089 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 Source.31: DFBPPR16280 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vasopressin V2 receptor Source.32: DFBPPR16642 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit C, mitochondrial Source.33: DFBPPR16997 ---- Animal proteins ---- Electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 Source.34: DFBPPR17072 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle Source.35: DFBPPR17179 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 Source.36: DFBPPR17180 ---- Animal proteins ---- Scavenger receptor class B member 1 Source.37: DFBPPR17536 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 6 Source.38: DFBPPR17776 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 Source.39: DFBPPR17830 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vasopressin V2 receptor Source.40: DFBPPR18886 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-12 receptor subunit beta-2 Source.41: DFBPPR19121 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor D1 Source.42: DFBPPR19719 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kelch-like protein 3 Source.43: DFBPPR19961 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfate transporter Source.44: DFBPPR20150 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acid sphingomyelinase-like phosphodiesterase 3a Source.45: DFBPPR20298 ---- Animal proteins ---- Translation initiation factor eIF-2B subunit beta Source.46: DFBPPR20625 ---- Animal proteins ---- DIS3-like exonuclease 1 Source.47: DFBPPR20868 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit C, mitochondrial Source.48: DFBPPR21012 ---- Animal proteins ---- tRNA (adenine(58)-N(1))-methyltransferase non-catalytic subunit TRM6 Source.49: DFBPPR21232 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cerebellin-3 Source.50: DFBPPR21568 ---- Animal proteins ---- FAST kinase domain-containing protein 4 Source.51: DFBPPR8566 ---- Animal proteins ---- Scavenger receptor class B member 1 Source.52: DFBPPR8842 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Source.53: DFBPPR9310 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vasopressin V2 receptor Source.54: DFBPPR9727 ---- Animal proteins ---- FAST kinase domain-containing protein 4 Source.55: DFBPPR9967 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle Source.56: DFBPPR10189 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sonic hedgehog protein Source.57: DFBPPR10290 ---- Animal proteins ---- Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3 Source.58: DFBPPR10337 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-tectorin Source.59: DFBPPR10819 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 Source.60: DFBPPR10822 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 alpha Source.61: DFBPPR10929 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein O-mannose kinase Source.62: DFBPPR11190 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial tRNA-specific 2-thiouridylase 1 Source.63: DFBPPR11564 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcriptional regulator Erg Source.64: DFBPPR12377 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle Source.65: DFBPPR12606 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 4A5 Source.66: DFBPPR12813 ---- Animal proteins ---- Translation initiation factor eIF-2B subunit beta Source.67: DFBPPR13196 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 Source.68: DFBPPR13238 ---- Animal proteins ---- Laminin subunit gamma-2 Source.69: DFBPPR13340 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfate transporter Source.70: DFBPPR13608 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle Source.71: DFBPPR13628 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 Source.72: DFBPPR13767 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vasopressin V1a receptor Source.73: DFBPPR13904 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfate transporter Source.74: DFBPPR14163 ---- Marine protein ---- Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit C, mitochondrial Source.75: DFBPPR15215 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protein transport protein SEC24 Source.76: DFBPPR15791 ---- Microorganism protein ---- UPF0508 protein KLLA0A06237g Source.77: DFBPPR7803 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 2 A, chloroplastic Source.78: DFBPPR7805 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 2 B, chloroplastic Source.79: DFBPPR8248 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 2 B, chloroplastic Source.80: DFBPPR8249 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 2 A, chloroplastic
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited strong Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 10.00 uM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Chemical synthesis of peptides was carried out by the liquid phase method using DMF as a solvent with DCC and HOBt as coupling reagents ^[3].

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Murray BA, FitzGerald RJ. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from food proteins: biochemistry, bioactivity and production. Curr Pharm Des. 2007;13(8):773-91. PMID: 17430180 DOI: 10.2174/138161207780363068
Other literature(s)	[1] Bösze Z. Bioactive Components of Milk[M]. Springer New York, 2008. [2] Nakagomi K. Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Derived from an Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Casein. II. Isolation and Bradykinin-potentiating Activity on the Uterus and the Ileum of Rats[J]. Bioscience Biotechnology & Biochemistry, 1985, 49(5):1405-1409. [3] Maruyama, S., et al., Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme-Inhibitors Derived from an Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Casein .4. Studies on the Active-Site and Antihypertensive Activity of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme-Inhibitors Derived from Casein. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 1987. 51(6): p. 1581-1586.
PubDate	2007