Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0353(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0353
Peptide sequence	WLAHK
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide, Lactokinin

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Trp-Leu-Ala-His-Lys

Single-letter amino acid

WLAHK

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
654.2 Da	653.78 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

10.04 ^c

IC₅₀

77 uM

pIC₅₀

-1.886

GRAVY

-0.4800^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

60%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Milk whey protein
Precursor protein	α-Lactalbumin
Residue position	f(104-108)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR7597 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.2: DFBPPR7660 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.3: DFBPPR7670 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin B/C Source.4: DFBPPR7671 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin A Source.5: DFBPPR7675 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.6: DFBPPR7685 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.7: DFBPPR7697 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.8: DFBPPR7711 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.9: DFBPPR8490 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.10: DFBPPR12522 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 77 uM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The bovine whey protein α-lactalbumin was hydrolysed with trypsin alone.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	No measured
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Pihlanto-Leppälä A, Koskinen P, Piilola K, Tupasela T, Korhonen H. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory properties of whey protein digests: concentration and characterization of active peptides. J Dairy Res. 2000 Feb;67(1):53-64. PMID: 10717843 DOI: 10.1017/S0022029999003982
Other literature(s)	[1] Bösze Z. Bioactive Components of Milk[M]. Springer New York, 2008. [2] Fitzgerald R J, Murray B A, Walsh D J. Hypotensive peptides from milk proteins.[J]. Journal of Nutrition, 2004, 34(4):980S.
PubDate	2000