Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0418(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0418
Peptide sequence	HLPLP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antihypertensive activity ^[D1], Antioxidative activity ^[D2], Multifunctional activity ^[D3]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

His-Leu-Pro-Leu-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

HLPLP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
575.3 Da ^[1]	575.70 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

7.79 ^c

IC₅₀

41 μM, 21 μM ^[1]

pIC₅₀

-1.613, -1.322

GRAVY

0.2400^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

80%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Human
Organism/Source	Human milk protein
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(125-129)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1798 ---- Plant proteins ---- UMP-CMP kinase 2 Source.2: DFBPPR3187 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucuronosyltransferase Os10g0205300 Source.3: DFBPPR4827 ---- Plant proteins ---- BURP domain-containing protein 1 Source.4: DFBPPR7605 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.5: DFBPPR7665 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.6: DFBPPR7692 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.7: DFBPPR7700 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.8: DFBPPR7718 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.9: DFBPPR8489 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.10: DFBPPR16229 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A Source.11: DFBPPR16270 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP-4 complex subunit mu-1 Source.12: DFBPPR17683 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyanocobalamin reductase / alkylcobalamin dealkylase Source.13: DFBPPR19085 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP-4 complex subunit mu-1 Source.14: DFBPPR21483 ---- Animal proteins ---- F-box/LRR-repeat protein 8 Source.15: DFBPPR13225 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A Source.16: DFBPPR15017 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase TEL1
Link-research Inductive analysis	Link 1: DFBPACEI0419----Milk protein----β-Casein

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 41 uM (or 21 μM, 12.08 μg/mL ^[1]).
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis, Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Synthesis: The peptides used in this study were synthesized by the solid-phase method. Enzymatic hydrolysis: Peptide obtained by hydrolysis of human milk by use of Pepsin and Pancreatin ^[1].

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANHY0003
[D2]	DFBPANOX0710
[D3]	DFBPMUFU0116

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

[D7]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Kohmura, M., Nio, N., Kubo, K., Minoshima, Y., Munekata, E., Ariyoshi, Y. Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme by Synthetic Peptides of Human β-Casein. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry. 2014, 53, 2107-14. DOI: 10.1080/00021369.1989.10869621
Other literature(s)	[1] Hernandez-Ledesma, B., et al., Identification of bioactive peptides after digestion of human milk and infant formula with pepsin and pancreatin. International Dairy Journal, 2007. 17(1): p. 42-49.
PubDate	2014