Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0420(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0420
Peptide sequence	LHLPLP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antihypertensive activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Leu-His-Leu-Pro-Leu-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

LHLPLP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
688.4 Da	688.85 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

7.79 ^c

IC₅₀

5.5 ± 0.4 uM

pIC₅₀

-0.74

GRAVY

0.8333^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

83.33%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine milk protein
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(133-138)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR3187 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucuronosyltransferase Os10g0205300 Source.2: DFBPPR7605 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.3: DFBPPR7665 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.4: DFBPPR7692 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.5: DFBPPR7700 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.6: DFBPPR7718 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.7: DFBPPR8489 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.8: DFBPPR16270 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP-4 complex subunit mu-1 Source.9: DFBPPR19085 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP-4 complex subunit mu-1
Link-research Inductive analysis	Link 1: DFBPACEI1478----Human milk protein----β-Casein

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited strong Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 5.5 ± 0.4 uM, and its ACE inhibitory pattern was shown by Lineweaver–Burk plots to be a competitive inhibition pattern.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Fermentation
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Milk was fermented with Enterococcus faecalis, CECT 5727.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The potential of the peptide for use in functional foods to mitigate hypertension would seem to merit further clinical studies in humans.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANHY0002
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0117

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Quirós, A., Ramos, M., Muguerza, B., Delgado, M.A., Miguel, M., Aleixandre, A., et al. Identification of novel antihypertensive peptides in milk fermented with Enterococcus faecalis. International Dairy Journal. 2007, 17, 33-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.12.011
Other literature(s)	[1] Kohmura M, Nio N, Kubo K, et al. Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by synthetic peptides of human. BETA.-casein[J]. Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan, 1989, 53(8):2107-2114. [2] Hernandezledesma B, Quiros A, Amigo L, et al. Identification of bioactive peptides after digestion of human milk and infant formula with pepsin and pancreatin[J]. International Dairy Journal, 2007, 17(1):42-49. [3] Quiros A, Ramos M, Muguerza B, et al. Identification of novel antihypertensive peptides in milk fermented with Enterococcus faecalis[J]. International Dairy Journal, 2007, 17(1):33-41.
PubDate	2007