Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0467(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0467
Peptide sequence	PFPE
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Pro-Phe-Pro-Glu

Single-letter amino acid

PFPE

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	488.53 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

3.34 ^c

IC₅₀

>> 1000 uM

pIC₅₀

> -3.0

GRAVY

-0.9750^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine milk protein
Precursor protein	α_s1-Casein
Residue position	f(42-45)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1162 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAC domain-containing protein 2 Source.2: DFBPPR1495 ---- Plant proteins ---- Indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA1 Source.3: DFBPPR1896 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-8 Source.4: DFBPPR2120 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative cyclin-dependent kinase F-2 Source.5: DFBPPR2503 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 1A Source.6: DFBPPR2604 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 10 Source.7: DFBPPR5854 ---- Plant proteins ---- Retinoblastoma-related protein 3 Source.8: DFBPPR6651 ---- Plant proteins ---- Obtusifoliol 14-alpha demethylase Source.9: DFBPPR7396 ---- Plant proteins ---- MAP3K epsilon protein kinase 1 Source.10: DFBPPR7688 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.11: DFBPPR7694 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.12: DFBPPR7704 ---- Milk proteins ---- Whey acidic protein (tWAP) Source.13: DFBPPR7717 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.14: DFBPPR8488 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.15: DFBPPR16193 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 Source.16: DFBPPR16294 ---- Animal proteins ---- Signal peptidase complex subunit 2 Source.17: DFBPPR17456 ---- Animal proteins ---- Deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 Source.18: DFBPPR17550 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK4 Source.19: DFBPPR17944 ---- Animal proteins ---- P-selectin Source.20: DFBPPR18378 ---- Animal proteins ---- Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 Source.21: DFBPPR18522 ---- Animal proteins ---- POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 Source.22: DFBPPR18636 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 Source.23: DFBPPR18739 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bone morphogenetic protein 3 Source.24: DFBPPR18740 ---- Animal proteins ---- Growth factor receptor-bound protein 7 Source.25: DFBPPR19028 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA repair protein XRCC3 Source.26: DFBPPR19095 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase Source.27: DFBPPR19673 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Source.28: DFBPPR19991 ---- Animal proteins ---- F-box/LRR-repeat protein 5 Source.29: DFBPPR20516 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA-binding protein NOB1 Source.30: DFBPPR20586 ---- Animal proteins ---- SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1-related Source.31: DFBPPR20592 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein Hikeshi Source.32: DFBPPR20598 ---- Animal proteins ---- Oncostatin-M Source.33: DFBPPR20678 ---- Animal proteins ---- Growth factor receptor-bound protein 14 Source.34: DFBPPR20773 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial-processing peptidase subunit alpha Source.35: DFBPPR20863 ---- Animal proteins ---- LIM and senescent cell antigen-like-containing domain protein 2 Source.36: DFBPPR22000 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein LDOC1 Source.37: DFBPPR22079 ---- Animal proteins ---- 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 5 Source.38: DFBPPR22183 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retrotransposon Gag-like protein 8 Source.39: DFBPPR22316 ---- Animal proteins ---- MAPK-interacting and spindle-stabilizing protein-like Source.40: DFBPPR8557 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 Source.41: DFBPPR8645 ---- Animal proteins ---- NT-3 growth factor receptor Source.42: DFBPPR8820 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 Source.43: DFBPPR9186 ---- Animal proteins ---- Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 Source.44: DFBPPR9574 ---- Animal proteins ---- Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 Source.45: DFBPPR10021 ---- Animal proteins ---- NT-3 growth factor receptor Source.46: DFBPPR10027 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D Source.47: DFBPPR10549 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon type B Source.48: DFBPPR10827 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 Source.49: DFBPPR11732 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein Hikeshi Source.50: DFBPPR11944 ---- Animal proteins ---- High mobility group protein 20A Source.51: DFBPPR12310 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C Source.52: DFBPPR12448 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 Source.53: DFBPPR13560 ---- Animal proteins ---- P-selectin Source.54: DFBPPR14042 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6 Source.55: DFBPPR14160 ---- Marine protein ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6 Source.56: DFBPPR14678 ---- Marine protein ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6 Source.57: DFBPPR14973 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial Source.58: DFBPPR15299 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Histone chaperone RTT106 Source.59: DFBPPR15342 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Histone transcription regulator 3 homolog Source.60: DFBPPR15822 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Tryptophan synthase beta chain Source.61: DFBPPR7774 ---- Plant protein ---- Obtusifoliol 14-alpha demethylase
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide showed almost no Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of >> 1000 uM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Chemical synthesis of peptides was carried out by the liquid phase method using DMF as a solvent with DCC and HOBt as coupling reagents.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Maruyama, S., Mitachi, H., Tanaka, H., Tomizuka, N., Suzuki, H. Studies on the Active Site and Antihypertensive Activity of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Derived from Casein. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry. 2014, 51, 1581-6. DOI: 10.1080/00021369.1987.10868244
Other literature(s)	[1] Casokinins as bioactive peptides in the primary strucure of casein. In: Food proteins, structure and functionality ed Schwenke K.D., Mothes R., VCh, Weinheim - New York - Basel - Cambridge - Tokyo, pp 67-75.
PubDate	2014