Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0646(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0646
Peptide sequence	IIAEK
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antioxidative activity ^[D1], DPP IV-inhibitory activity ^[D2], Hypocholesterolemic activity ^[D3], Multifunctional activity ^[D4]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys

Single-letter amino acid

IIAEK

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	572.69 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

6.92 ^c

IC₅₀

63.7 ± 7.2 μM

pIC₅₀

-1.804

GRAVY

0.6800^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

60%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine milk whey protein
Precursor protein	β-Lactoglobulin
Residue position	f(71-75)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0115 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin Source.2: DFBPPR2893 ---- Plant proteins ---- Long chain base biosynthesis protein 1c Source.3: DFBPPR3507 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coronatine-insensitive protein homolog 2 Source.4: DFBPPR4999 ---- Plant proteins ---- Leghemoglobin reductase Source.5: DFBPPR6217 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Source.6: DFBPPR7687 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin Source.7: DFBPPR7698 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin-1/B Source.8: DFBPPR7714 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin Source.9: DFBPPR8499 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-lactoglobulin Source.10: DFBPPR14940 ---- Microorganism protein ---- CCR4-Not complex 3'-5'-exoribonuclease subunit Ccr4
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 63.7 ± 7.2 μM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Intact bovine β-lactoglobulin was hydrolyzed with TPCK-trypsin for 24 h.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

β-Lactoglobulin derived peptides may form part of a functional food based dietary strategy for the management of CVD and T2DM.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANOX0695
[D2]	DFBPDPIV0212
[D3]	DFBPHYCP0001
[D4]	DFBPMUFU0444

[D5]

[D6]

[D7]

[D8]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Power, O., Fernández, A., Norris, R., Riera, F.A., FitzGerald, R.J. Selective enrichment of bioactive properties during ultrafiltration of a tryptic digest of β-lactoglobulin. Journal of Functional Foods. 2014, 9, 38-47. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.002
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2014