Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0864(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0864
Peptide sequence	ALEP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ala-Leu-Glu-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

ALEP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	428.47 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

3.34 ^c

IC₅₀

6.32 mM

pIC₅₀

-0.801

GRAVY

0.1250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus)
Precursor protein	Amaranth seed 11S globulin
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0747 ---- Plant proteins ---- 11S globulin seed storage protein Source.2: DFBPPR0776 ---- Plant proteins ---- 11S globulin Source.3: DFBPPR0940 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 Source.4: DFBPPR0965 ---- Plant proteins ---- Abscisic acid receptor PYL9 Source.5: DFBPPR1314 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase, chloroplastic Source.6: DFBPPR1709 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-fructofuranosidase, insoluble isoenzyme 1 Source.7: DFBPPR1755 ---- Plant proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Fe] 2, chloroplastic Source.8: DFBPPR1805 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1, chloroplastic Source.9: DFBPPR1806 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-19 Source.10: DFBPPR1827 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-fructofuranosidase, insoluble isoenzyme 3 Source.11: DFBPPR1872 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytokinin dehydrogenase 5 Source.12: DFBPPR1873 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytokinin dehydrogenase 4 Source.13: DFBPPR1889 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-18 Source.14: DFBPPR1905 ---- Plant proteins ---- 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone methyltransferase 1, chloroplastic Source.15: DFBPPR2079 ---- Plant proteins ---- Lipoyl synthase 2, chloroplastic Source.16: DFBPPR2131 ---- Plant proteins ---- 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone methyltransferase 2, chloroplastic Source.17: DFBPPR2231 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek5 Source.18: DFBPPR2240 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable protein phosphatase 2C BIPP2C1 Source.19: DFBPPR2253 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Source.20: DFBPPR2292 ---- Plant proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Source.21: DFBPPR2300 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase-like protein H2 Source.22: DFBPPR2686 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adagio-like protein 1 Source.23: DFBPPR2815 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative adagio-like protein 2 Source.24: DFBPPR3015 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-A13 Source.25: DFBPPR3191 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit C, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.26: DFBPPR3517 ---- Plant proteins ---- Triose phosphate/phosphate translocator TPT, chloroplastic Source.27: DFBPPR3852 ---- Plant proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Fe] 1, chloroplastic Source.28: DFBPPR4053 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 1B Source.29: DFBPPR4060 ---- Plant proteins ---- 50S ribosomal protein L16, chloroplastic Source.30: DFBPPR4106 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homeobox protein knotted-1-like 4 Source.31: DFBPPR4202 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cyclin-D3-2 Source.32: DFBPPR4231 ---- Plant proteins ---- CMP-sialic acid transporter 4 Source.33: DFBPPR4243 ---- Plant proteins ---- UDP-glucose:2-hydroxyflavanone C-glucosyltransferase Source.34: DFBPPR4318 ---- Plant proteins ---- Golgin-84 Source.35: DFBPPR4578 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 1D Source.36: DFBPPR4613 ---- Plant proteins ---- Urease accessory protein D Source.37: DFBPPR4966 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glycinin G5 Source.38: DFBPPR4995 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glycinin G4 Source.39: DFBPPR5104 ---- Plant proteins ---- UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase 1 Source.40: DFBPPR5316 ---- Plant proteins ---- 50S ribosomal protein L16, chloroplastic Source.41: DFBPPR5461 ---- Plant proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Mn] 3.1, mitochondrial Source.42: DFBPPR5636 ---- Plant proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Mn] 3.3, mitochondrial Source.43: DFBPPR5643 ---- Plant proteins ---- Triose phosphate/phosphate translocator, chloroplastic Source.44: DFBPPR5674 ---- Plant proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Mn] 3.4, mitochondrial Source.45: DFBPPR5679 ---- Plant proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Mn] 3.2, mitochondrial Source.46: DFBPPR5874 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-fructofuranosidase, cell wall isozyme Source.47: DFBPPR5885 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sec-independent protein translocase protein TATC, chloroplastic Source.48: DFBPPR6238 ---- Plant proteins ---- UDP-sugar pyrophospharylase Source.49: DFBPPR6334 ---- Plant proteins ---- Triose phosphate/phosphate translocator, chloroplastic Source.50: DFBPPR6361 ---- Plant proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Source.51: DFBPPR6380 ---- Plant proteins ---- Legumin A Source.52: DFBPPR6425 ---- Plant proteins ---- Legumin A2 Source.53: DFBPPR6430 ---- Plant proteins ---- Legumin J Source.54: DFBPPR6948 ---- Plant proteins ---- 50S ribosomal protein L16, chloroplastic Source.55: DFBPPR7167 ---- Plant proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Source.56: DFBPPR7206 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I reaction center subunit V, chloroplastic Source.57: DFBPPR7307 ---- Plant proteins ---- 50S ribosomal protein L16, chloroplastic Source.58: DFBPPR7404 ---- Plant proteins ---- O-fucosyltransferase 20 Source.59: DFBPPR7416 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cruciferin CRU4 Source.60: DFBPPR7417 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cruciferin Source.61: DFBPPR7444 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cruciferin BnC2 Source.62: DFBPPR7446 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cruciferin BnC1 Source.63: DFBPPR7651 ---- Milk proteins ---- Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor Source.64: DFBPPR8418 ---- Plant proteins ---- Arachin 25 kDa protein Source.65: DFBPPR15965 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dystroglycan Source.66: DFBPPR15987 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein Source.67: DFBPPR16051 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cell division control protein 42 homolog Source.68: DFBPPR16108 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 1 Source.69: DFBPPR16339 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dynamin-binding protein Source.70: DFBPPR16344 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype Source.71: DFBPPR16486 ---- Animal proteins ---- Natriuretic peptides B Source.72: DFBPPR16634 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc transporter SLC39A7 Source.73: DFBPPR16655 ---- Animal proteins ---- Somatostatin Source.74: DFBPPR16900 ---- Animal proteins ---- cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit Source.75: DFBPPR16950 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein Source.76: DFBPPR16971 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase 2 Source.77: DFBPPR17066 ---- Animal proteins ---- 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 Source.78: DFBPPR17086 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cell division control protein 42 homolog Source.79: DFBPPR17102 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dystroglycan Source.80: DFBPPR17103 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dystroglycan Source.81: DFBPPR17137 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 Source.82: DFBPPR17431 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial Source.83: DFBPPR17439 ---- Animal proteins ---- Folliculin Source.84: DFBPPR17554 ---- Animal proteins ---- Double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog Source.85: DFBPPR17733 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein phosphatase 1B Source.86: DFBPPR17856 ---- Animal proteins ---- Selenoprotein S Source.87: DFBPPR17873 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho family-interacting cell polarization regulator 2 Source.88: DFBPPR17980 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase haspin Source.89: DFBPPR17984 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta Source.90: DFBPPR18029 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-3(IV) chain Source.91: DFBPPR18049 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor Dp-1 Source.92: DFBPPR18099 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor NF-E2 45 kDa subunit Source.93: DFBPPR18324 ---- Animal proteins ---- RuvB-like 2 Source.94: DFBPPR18412 ---- Animal proteins ---- Three-prime repair exonuclease 1 Source.95: DFBPPR18724 ---- Animal proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Source.96: DFBPPR18861 ---- Animal proteins ---- D-aspartate oxidase Source.97: DFBPPR19454 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase Source.98: DFBPPR19925 ---- Animal proteins ---- Complement factor H Source.99: DFBPPR20072 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase Source.100: DFBPPR20615 ---- Animal proteins ---- Seizure 6-like protein 2 Source.101: DFBPPR20819 ---- Animal proteins ---- GATOR complex protein NPRL2 Source.102: DFBPPR20820 ---- Animal proteins ---- D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Source.103: DFBPPR20913 ---- Animal proteins ---- Somatostatin Source.104: DFBPPR21210 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell receptor-associated transmembrane adapter 1 Source.105: DFBPPR21697 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-galactose translocator Source.106: DFBPPR21746 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein ABHD8 Source.107: DFBPPR21998 ---- Animal proteins ---- Putative monooxygenase p33MONOX Source.108: DFBPPR22056 ---- Animal proteins ---- dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase Source.109: DFBPPR22079 ---- Animal proteins ---- 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 5 Source.110: DFBPPR22167 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 143 Source.111: DFBPPR22547 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin-related protein T2 Source.112: DFBPPR22572 ---- Animal proteins ---- Maestro heat-like repeat-containing protein family member 1 Source.113: DFBPPR8531 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein Source.114: DFBPPR8658 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cell division control protein 42 homolog Source.115: DFBPPR8762 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial Source.116: DFBPPR8772 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dystroglycan Source.117: DFBPPR8807 ---- Animal proteins ---- Selenoprotein S Source.118: DFBPPR9108 ---- Animal proteins ---- Somatostatin Source.119: DFBPPR9132 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dystrophin Source.120: DFBPPR9140 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 1 Source.121: DFBPPR9262 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 Source.122: DFBPPR9636 ---- Animal proteins ---- D-aspartate oxidase Source.123: DFBPPR9710 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gastricsin Source.124: DFBPPR10072 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cell division control protein 42 homolog Source.125: DFBPPR10095 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S Source.126: DFBPPR10125 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein FLRT3 Source.127: DFBPPR10207 ---- Animal proteins ---- Paralemmin-1 Source.128: DFBPPR10407 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-enolase Source.129: DFBPPR10419 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho family-interacting cell polarization regulator 2 Source.130: DFBPPR10450 ---- Animal proteins ---- cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit Source.131: DFBPPR10488 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfite oxidase Source.132: DFBPPR10800 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA polymerase subunit gamma-1 Source.133: DFBPPR10847 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein patched homolog 1 Source.134: DFBPPR10991 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurogenic differentiation factor 1 Source.135: DFBPPR11449 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc transporter 7 Source.136: DFBPPR11934 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gametogenetin-binding protein 2 Source.137: DFBPPR11943 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 3 Source.138: DFBPPR11984 ---- Animal proteins ---- SET and MYND domain-containing protein 4 Source.139: DFBPPR12214 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleolar protein 11 Source.140: DFBPPR12320 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dystroglycan Source.141: DFBPPR12349 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta Source.142: DFBPPR12936 ---- Animal proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Source.143: DFBPPR13185 ---- Animal proteins ---- Chromogranin-A Source.144: DFBPPR13320 ---- Animal proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Source.145: DFBPPR13541 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein Source.146: DFBPPR13896 ---- Animal proteins ---- Somatostatin Source.147: DFBPPR14150 ---- Marine protein ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.148: DFBPPR14657 ---- Marine protein ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.149: DFBPPR14892 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-4 specific Source.150: DFBPPR15021 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 Source.151: DFBPPR15089 ---- Microorganism protein ---- F-actin-capping protein subunit beta Source.152: DFBPPR15226 ---- Microorganism protein ---- GPI mannosyltransferase 4 Source.153: DFBPPR15429 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 54S ribosomal protein L2, mitochondrial Source.154: DFBPPR15853 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Polyphenol oxidase 4 Source.155: DFBPPR15867 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Source.156: DFBPPR15884 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Putative serine protease Source.157: DFBPPR0015 ---- Plant protein ---- Isoflavone reductase homolog Source.158: DFBPPR7947 ---- Plant protein ---- Legumin type B Source.159: DFBPPR8149 ---- Plant protein ---- 50S ribosomal protein L16, chloroplastic Source.160: DFBPPR8243 ---- Plant protein ---- 11S globulin seed storage protein G3 Source.161: DFBPPR8327 ---- Plant protein ---- 50S ribosomal protein L16, chloroplastic
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited very low Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 6.32 mM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Synthetic peptide ALEP was custom-synthesized, HPLC purified to more than 97% purity, and analysed by HPLC–MS by SBS Genetech (China).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The target molecule used was that of human ACE complexed with lisinopril (PDB Accession code 1O86) ^[1].

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Vecchi B, Añón MC. ACE inhibitory tetrapeptides from Amaranthus hypochondriacus 11S globulin. Phytochemistry. 2009 May;70(7):864-70. PMID: 19443002 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.04.006
Other literature(s)	[1] Natesh, R., et al., Crystal structure of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-lisinopril complex. Nature, 2003. 421(6922): p. 551-4.
PubDate	2009