Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0888(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0888
Peptide sequence	VVPP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Val-Val-Pro-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

VVPP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	410.51 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

258.21 uM

pIC₅₀

-2.412

GRAVY

1.3000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Milk protein
Precursor protein	Casein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0939 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute MEL1 Source.2: DFBPPR0942 ---- Plant proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase JMJ705 Source.3: DFBPPR1027 ---- Plant proteins ---- Very-long-chain aldehyde decarbonylase GL1-2 Source.4: DFBPPR1054 ---- Plant proteins ---- bZIP transcription factor 12 Source.5: DFBPPR1156 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 19 Source.6: DFBPPR1206 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-1,2-xylosyltransferase RCN11 Source.7: DFBPPR1518 ---- Plant proteins ---- GATA transcription factor 15 Source.8: DFBPPR1520 ---- Plant proteins ---- Very-long-chain aldehyde decarbonylase GL1-3 Source.9: DFBPPR1542 ---- Plant proteins ---- Very-long-chain aldehyde decarbonylase GL1-1 Source.10: DFBPPR1558 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP-dependent DNA helicase 2 subunit KU80 Source.11: DFBPPR1567 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute PNH1 Source.12: DFBPPR1660 ---- Plant proteins ---- Magnesium-chelatase subunit ChlH, chloroplastic Source.13: DFBPPR1764 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein VP1 Source.14: DFBPPR1911 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat stress transcription factor A-6a Source.15: DFBPPR1930 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ent-isokaur-15-ene synthase Source.16: DFBPPR2093 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ent-kaurene oxidase-like 5 Source.17: DFBPPR2191 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene synthase Source.18: DFBPPR2236 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 24 Source.19: DFBPPR2331 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TIFY 6b Source.20: DFBPPR2400 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homeobox-leucine zipper protein HOX22 Source.21: DFBPPR2415 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative aconitate hydratase, cytoplasmic Source.22: DFBPPR2868 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable 4-coumarate--CoA ligase 2 Source.23: DFBPPR2886 ---- Plant proteins ---- 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 Source.24: DFBPPR2900 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-A23 Source.25: DFBPPR3016 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-A29 Source.26: DFBPPR3213 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 5 Source.27: DFBPPR3266 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein MOR1 Source.28: DFBPPR3407 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coatomer subunit delta-2 Source.29: DFBPPR3408 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coatomer subunit delta-1 Source.30: DFBPPR3482 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable inactive heme oxygenase 2, chloroplastic Source.31: DFBPPR3515 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coatomer subunit delta-4 Source.32: DFBPPR3808 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable 6-phosphogluconolactonase 3, chloroplastic Source.33: DFBPPR4264 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative 4-coumarate--CoA ligase-like 8 Source.34: DFBPPR4293 ---- Plant proteins ---- Double-stranded RNA-binding protein 7 Source.35: DFBPPR4351 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dehydrin Rab25 Source.36: DFBPPR4377 ---- Plant proteins ---- Trafficking protein particle complex II-specific subunit 120 homolog Source.37: DFBPPR4384 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative WUSCHEL-related homeobox 2 Source.38: DFBPPR4475 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 14 Source.39: DFBPPR4587 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 13 Source.40: DFBPPR4706 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubby-like protein 4 Source.41: DFBPPR4903 ---- Plant proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase EL5 Source.42: DFBPPR4926 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-1,2-xylosyltransferase RCN11 Source.43: DFBPPR5117 ---- Plant proteins ---- P24 oleosin isoform B Source.44: DFBPPR5126 ---- Plant proteins ---- P24 oleosin isoform A Source.45: DFBPPR5138 ---- Plant proteins ---- Subtilisin-like protease Glyma18g48580 Source.46: DFBPPR5171 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose-binding protein Source.47: DFBPPR5248 ---- Plant proteins ---- 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 Source.48: DFBPPR5302 ---- Plant proteins ---- 4-coumarate--CoA ligase 2 Source.49: DFBPPR5307 ---- Plant proteins ---- 4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1 Source.50: DFBPPR5412 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase 1 Source.51: DFBPPR5436 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glutamate carboxypeptidase VP8 Source.52: DFBPPR5478 ---- Plant proteins ---- 1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic Source.53: DFBPPR5613 ---- Plant proteins ---- 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 Source.54: DFBPPR6683 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutenin, high molecular weight subunit DX5 Source.55: DFBPPR6852 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutenin, high molecular weight subunit DY10 Source.56: DFBPPR6872 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutenin, high molecular weight subunit 12 Source.57: DFBPPR7414 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glyoxysomal fatty acid beta-oxidation multifunctional protein MFP-a Source.58: DFBPPR7692 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.59: DFBPPR7700 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.60: DFBPPR7718 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.61: DFBPPR8197 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aconitate hydratase, cytoplasmic Source.62: DFBPPR8421 ---- Plant proteins ---- 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase B Source.63: DFBPPR8489 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.64: DFBPPR8510 ---- Milk proteins ---- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha Source.65: DFBPPR15983 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tight junction protein ZO-1 Source.66: DFBPPR15985 ---- Animal proteins ---- von Willebrand factor Source.67: DFBPPR16103 ---- Animal proteins ---- Laforin Source.68: DFBPPR16128 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cubilin Source.69: DFBPPR16160 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-3 adrenergic receptor Source.70: DFBPPR16187 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dual serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase Source.71: DFBPPR16255 ---- Animal proteins ---- Frizzled-6 Source.72: DFBPPR16341 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calmegin Source.73: DFBPPR16456 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosome-binding protein 1 Source.74: DFBPPR17123 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinal guanylyl cyclase 2 Source.75: DFBPPR17163 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor homolog Source.76: DFBPPR17330 ---- Animal proteins ---- Unconventional myosin-X Source.77: DFBPPR17437 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA excision repair protein ERCC-1 Source.78: DFBPPR17541 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sorting nexin-3 Source.79: DFBPPR17547 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 5 Source.80: DFBPPR17806 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uroplakin-2 Source.81: DFBPPR17930 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dual serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase Source.82: DFBPPR17948 ---- Animal proteins ---- V-type proton ATPase subunit S1 Source.83: DFBPPR18074 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-3 adrenergic receptor Source.84: DFBPPR18283 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystathionine gamma-lyase Source.85: DFBPPR18405 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP10 Source.86: DFBPPR18932 ---- Animal proteins ---- 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase delta Source.87: DFBPPR19247 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calmegin Source.88: DFBPPR19324 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD40 repeat-containing protein SMU1 Source.89: DFBPPR19365 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inactive rhomboid protein 1 Source.90: DFBPPR19605 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hepatocyte growth factor-like protein Source.91: DFBPPR19647 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sorting nexin-4 Source.92: DFBPPR19664 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein OS-9 Source.93: DFBPPR19962 ---- Animal proteins ---- Troponin T, slow skeletal muscle Source.94: DFBPPR20014 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor COE2 Source.95: DFBPPR20156 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP9 Source.96: DFBPPR20236 ---- Animal proteins ---- ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 Source.97: DFBPPR20329 ---- Animal proteins ---- Meiosis regulator and mRNA stability factor 1 Source.98: DFBPPR20489 ---- Animal proteins ---- Translocon-associated protein subunit alpha Source.99: DFBPPR20517 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA-binding protein 42 Source.100: DFBPPR20659 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystinosin Source.101: DFBPPR20794 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rab-like protein 6 Source.102: DFBPPR21384 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor Sp2 Source.103: DFBPPR21759 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2D Source.104: DFBPPR21835 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein misato homolog 1 Source.105: DFBPPR21987 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribonuclease H2 subunit C Source.106: DFBPPR22176 ---- Animal proteins ---- ER membrane protein complex subunit 3 Source.107: DFBPPR22330 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 39 Source.108: DFBPPR22331 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein 8 Source.109: DFBPPR8554 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 Source.110: DFBPPR8636 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha Source.111: DFBPPR8748 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dual oxidase 2 Source.112: DFBPPR8776 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK1 Source.113: DFBPPR8821 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-3 adrenergic receptor Source.114: DFBPPR9061 ---- Animal proteins ---- Caspase-1 Source.115: DFBPPR9101 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystathionine gamma-lyase Source.116: DFBPPR9236 ---- Animal proteins ---- Radixin Source.117: DFBPPR9638 ---- Animal proteins ---- Troponin T, slow skeletal muscle Source.118: DFBPPR9893 ---- Animal proteins ---- MICOS complex subunit MIC13 Source.119: DFBPPR10027 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D Source.120: DFBPPR10104 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bloom syndrome protein homolog Source.121: DFBPPR10296 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mucin-5B Source.122: DFBPPR10355 ---- Animal proteins ---- Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule-like protein 1 homolog Source.123: DFBPPR10635 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dual serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase Source.124: DFBPPR10811 ---- Animal proteins ---- Chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit A Source.125: DFBPPR10839 ---- Animal proteins ---- G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B2 Source.126: DFBPPR11157 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein transport protein Sec31A Source.127: DFBPPR11293 ---- Animal proteins ---- RIMS-binding protein 2 Source.128: DFBPPR11384 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD40 repeat-containing protein SMU1 Source.129: DFBPPR11456 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 Source.130: DFBPPR11474 ---- Animal proteins ---- KH homology domain-containing protein 4 Source.131: DFBPPR11536 ---- Animal proteins ---- Putative Polycomb group protein ASXL2 Source.132: DFBPPR11595 ---- Animal proteins ---- Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD1B Source.133: DFBPPR12098 ---- Animal proteins ---- NEDD4-binding protein 1 Source.134: DFBPPR12221 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 174 Source.135: DFBPPR12310 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C Source.136: DFBPPR12312 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bone morphogenetic protein 2 Source.137: DFBPPR12597 ---- Animal proteins ---- b(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 Source.138: DFBPPR12616 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 Source.139: DFBPPR12617 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 Source.140: DFBPPR12937 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zonadhesin Source.141: DFBPPR12991 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2D Source.142: DFBPPR13023 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongator complex protein 1 Source.143: DFBPPR13451 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-3 adrenergic receptor Source.144: DFBPPR13634 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-3 adrenergic receptor Source.145: DFBPPR13897 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inactive ribonuclease-like protein 10 Source.146: DFBPPR14333 ---- Marine protein ---- Ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase Source.147: DFBPPR15394 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme Source.148: DFBPPR15433 ---- Microorganism protein ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC3 Source.149: DFBPPR15449 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Increased recombination centers protein 22 Source.150: DFBPPR15519 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitochondrial genome maintenance protein MGM101
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited moderate Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 258.21 uM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthesis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The peptide was synthesized by conventional solid-phase chemistry.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Human testicular ACE (tACE) in complex with captopril (PDB code: 1UZF) was used as a receptor for virtual screening.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Wang, Z.-l., Zhang, S.-s., Wang, W., Feng, F.-q., Shan, W.-g. A Novel Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptide from the Milk Casein: Virtual Screening and Docking Studies. Agricultural Sciences in China. 2011, 10, 463-7. DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60026-6
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2011