Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI0904(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI0904
Peptide sequence	AFLL
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ala-Phe-Leu-Leu

Single-letter amino acid

AFLL

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
463.6 Da	462.57 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

3.0500^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Milk protein
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(189-192)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0891 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat shock 70 kDa protein BIP1 Source.2: DFBPPR0927 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR Source.3: DFBPPR0951 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calpain-type cysteine protease ADL1 Source.4: DFBPPR0976 ---- Plant proteins ---- 1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme, chloroplastic/amyloplastic Source.5: DFBPPR1028 ---- Plant proteins ---- Defensin-like protein CAL1 Source.6: DFBPPR1175 ---- Plant proteins ---- Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 2 Source.7: DFBPPR1262 ---- Plant proteins ---- Abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 1 Source.8: DFBPPR1400 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase-like protein D4 Source.9: DFBPPR1571 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose transport protein SUT2 Source.10: DFBPPR1583 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.11: DFBPPR1594 ---- Plant proteins ---- Disease resistance protein Pik-1 Source.12: DFBPPR1601 ---- Plant proteins ---- CRM-domain containing factor CFM3, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.13: DFBPPR1630 ---- Plant proteins ---- Exportin-T Source.14: DFBPPR1740 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 2 Source.15: DFBPPR1759 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 2a Source.16: DFBPPR1770 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable tyrosine-protein phosphatase DSP2 Source.17: DFBPPR1772 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 2b Source.18: DFBPPR1894 ---- Plant proteins ---- Clathrin heavy chain 1 Source.19: DFBPPR1898 ---- Plant proteins ---- Clathrin heavy chain 2 Source.20: DFBPPR2005 ---- Plant proteins ---- Telomerase reverse transcriptase Source.21: DFBPPR2108 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase-like protein E6 Source.22: DFBPPR2113 ---- Plant proteins ---- Neutral/alkaline invertase 1, mitochondrial Source.23: DFBPPR2132 ---- Plant proteins ---- Oryzain beta chain Source.24: DFBPPR2164 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sodium/calcium exchanger NCL2 Source.25: DFBPPR2268 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase 7 Source.26: DFBPPR2275 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 5 Source.27: DFBPPR2277 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TOC75, chloroplastic Source.28: DFBPPR2304 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.29: DFBPPR2307 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat stress transcription factor C-2b Source.30: DFBPPR2406 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK6 Source.31: DFBPPR2441 ---- Plant proteins ---- Disease resistance protein Pikm1-TS Source.32: DFBPPR2463 ---- Plant proteins ---- Peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase Source.33: DFBPPR2502 ---- Plant proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Os04g0590900 Source.34: DFBPPR2523 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TIC 62, chloroplastic Source.35: DFBPPR2596 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 9 Source.36: DFBPPR2789 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.37: DFBPPR2829 ---- Plant proteins ---- CDP-diacylglycerol--serine O-phosphatidyltransferase 2 Source.38: DFBPPR2839 ---- Plant proteins ---- Multicopper oxidase LPR1 homolog 2 Source.39: DFBPPR2969 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable xyloglucan glycosyltransferase 3 Source.40: DFBPPR3085 ---- Plant proteins ---- Thiamine pyrophosphokinase 3 Source.41: DFBPPR3127 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Source.42: DFBPPR3154 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 7 Source.43: DFBPPR3189 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 13 Source.44: DFBPPR3216 ---- Plant proteins ---- 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase, chloroplastic Source.45: DFBPPR3223 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase 1, chloroplastic Source.46: DFBPPR3243 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 21 Source.47: DFBPPR3245 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 4 Source.48: DFBPPR3248 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 16 Source.49: DFBPPR3266 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein MOR1 Source.50: DFBPPR3320 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable xyloglucan glycosyltransferase 1 Source.51: DFBPPR3448 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 22 Source.52: DFBPPR3675 ---- Plant proteins ---- Neutral/alkaline invertase 3, chloroplastic Source.53: DFBPPR3709 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable anion transporter 1, chloroplastic Source.54: DFBPPR3755 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative vacuolar cation/proton exchanger 4 Source.55: DFBPPR3851 ---- Plant proteins ---- Metal tolerance protein 8 Source.56: DFBPPR3865 ---- Plant proteins ---- CDK5RAP1-like protein Source.57: DFBPPR3892 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 26 Source.58: DFBPPR3921 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II reaction center protein M Source.59: DFBPPR3978 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c-type biogenesis ccda-like chloroplastic protein 2 Source.60: DFBPPR3982 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 25 Source.61: DFBPPR3985 ---- Plant proteins ---- 4-coumarate--CoA ligase-like 2 Source.62: DFBPPR4024 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c-type biogenesis ccda-like chloroplastic protein 1 Source.63: DFBPPR4026 ---- Plant proteins ---- Potassium transporter 19 Source.64: DFBPPR4027 ---- Plant proteins ---- Potassium transporter 20 Source.65: DFBPPR4028 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 31 Source.66: DFBPPR4052 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 9 Source.67: DFBPPR4063 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 2 Source.68: DFBPPR4076 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 48 Source.69: DFBPPR4078 ---- Plant proteins ---- ERAD-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase component HRD3 Source.70: DFBPPR4086 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoglucanase 5 Source.71: DFBPPR4125 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calmodulin-like protein 4 Source.72: DFBPPR4171 ---- Plant proteins ---- 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase-like 4 Source.73: DFBPPR4192 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chloroplastic group IIB intron splicing facilitator CRS2, chloroplastic Source.74: DFBPPR4214 ---- Plant proteins ---- Disease resistance protein Piks-1 Source.75: DFBPPR4229 ---- Plant proteins ---- GDT1-like protein 1, chloroplastic Source.76: DFBPPR4313 ---- Plant proteins ---- ASC1-like protein 1 Source.77: DFBPPR4414 ---- Plant proteins ---- Formin-like protein 4 Source.78: DFBPPR4509 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative glycine-rich cell wall structural protein 1 Source.79: DFBPPR4553 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phospholipase A1-II 7 Source.80: DFBPPR4774 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os01g0234100 Source.81: DFBPPR4931 ---- Plant proteins ---- Abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 2 Source.82: DFBPPR4996 ---- Plant proteins ---- Peroxisomal adenine nucleotide carrier 1 Source.83: DFBPPR5115 ---- Plant proteins ---- Digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 2, chloroplastic Source.84: DFBPPR5123 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.85: DFBPPR5215 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable phytol kinase 2, chloroplastic Source.86: DFBPPR5231 ---- Plant proteins ---- Casparian strip membrane protein 5 Source.87: DFBPPR5284 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 1E2 Source.88: DFBPPR5285 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 1E1 Source.89: DFBPPR5298 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II reaction center protein M Source.90: DFBPPR5387 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calpain-type cysteine protease DEK1 Source.91: DFBPPR5471 ---- Plant proteins ---- Luminal-binding protein 2 Source.92: DFBPPR5530 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.93: DFBPPR5544 ---- Plant proteins ---- Luminal-binding protein 3 Source.94: DFBPPR5572 ---- Plant proteins ---- CRM-domain containing factor CFM3, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.95: DFBPPR5582 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.96: DFBPPR5678 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chloroplastic group IIB intron splicing facilitator CRS2, chloroplastic Source.97: DFBPPR5795 ---- Plant proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 Source.98: DFBPPR5814 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.99: DFBPPR5862 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable phytol kinase, chloroplastic Source.100: DFBPPR5898 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP synthase protein MI25 Source.101: DFBPPR6034 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II reaction center protein M Source.102: DFBPPR6082 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha 19D1 Source.103: DFBPPR6216 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplastic Source.104: DFBPPR6268 ---- Plant proteins ---- 1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic Source.105: DFBPPR6291 ---- Plant proteins ---- Translocon at the outer membrane of chloroplasts 64 Source.106: DFBPPR6530 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II reaction center protein M Source.107: DFBPPR6676 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.108: DFBPPR6689 ---- Plant proteins ---- Fructan 1-exohydrolase w1 Source.109: DFBPPR6702 ---- Plant proteins ---- Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 2-1 Source.110: DFBPPR6715 ---- Plant proteins ---- Fructan 1-exohydrolase w3 Source.111: DFBPPR6720 ---- Plant proteins ---- Fructan 1-exohydrolase w2 Source.112: DFBPPR6731 ---- Plant proteins ---- Plasma membrane ATPase Source.113: DFBPPR6764 ---- Plant proteins ---- Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 2-2 Source.114: DFBPPR6767 ---- Plant proteins ---- Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 2-3 Source.115: DFBPPR6786 ---- Plant proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 Source.116: DFBPPR6831 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.117: DFBPPR6860 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable phytol kinase, chloroplastic Source.118: DFBPPR7105 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.119: DFBPPR7187 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.120: DFBPPR7230 ---- Plant proteins ---- Fructan 1-exohydrolase Source.121: DFBPPR7517 ---- Plant proteins ---- Uncharacterized mitochondrial protein ORF138 Source.122: DFBPPR7668 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.123: DFBPPR7692 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.124: DFBPPR7700 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.125: DFBPPR7718 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.126: DFBPPR8194 ---- Plant proteins ---- 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase CMA101 Source.127: DFBPPR8454 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.128: DFBPPR8484 ---- Milk proteins ---- Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein Source.129: DFBPPR8489 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.130: DFBPPR8493 ---- Milk proteins ---- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 Source.131: DFBPPR15949 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 Source.132: DFBPPR15999 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin E synthase Source.133: DFBPPR16001 ---- Animal proteins ---- Battenin Source.134: DFBPPR16135 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction alpha-1 protein Source.135: DFBPPR16147 ---- Animal proteins ---- Telomerase reverse transcriptase Source.136: DFBPPR16309 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor Source.137: DFBPPR16314 ---- Animal proteins ---- 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase Source.138: DFBPPR16324 ---- Animal proteins ---- NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 Source.139: DFBPPR16477 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-glucuronidase Source.140: DFBPPR16553 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tapasin Source.141: DFBPPR16590 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arylsulfatase K Source.142: DFBPPR16612 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-box transcription factor TBX19 Source.143: DFBPPR16902 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-8 Source.144: DFBPPR17020 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin E synthase Source.145: DFBPPR17024 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter Source.146: DFBPPR17039 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 Source.147: DFBPPR17330 ---- Animal proteins ---- Unconventional myosin-X Source.148: DFBPPR17345 ---- Animal proteins ---- Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 Source.149: DFBPPR17440 ---- Animal proteins ---- Clathrin heavy chain 1 Source.150: DFBPPR17444 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1 Source.151: DFBPPR17448 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction alpha-1 protein Source.152: DFBPPR17473 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM71 Source.153: DFBPPR17474 ---- Animal proteins ---- AFG3-like protein 2 Source.154: DFBPPR17487 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 4 Source.155: DFBPPR17504 ---- Animal proteins ---- Duodenase-1 Source.156: DFBPPR17516 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 21-hydroxylase Source.157: DFBPPR17520 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 Source.158: DFBPPR17578 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acidic mammalian chitinase Source.159: DFBPPR17603 ---- Animal proteins ---- Flavin reductase (NADPH) Source.160: DFBPPR17735 ---- Animal proteins ---- Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase Source.161: DFBPPR17759 ---- Animal proteins ---- 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase Source.162: DFBPPR17848 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5'-3' exonuclease PLD3 Source.163: DFBPPR17870 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 4 Source.164: DFBPPR17872 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX4 Source.165: DFBPPR17972 ---- Animal proteins ---- Telomerase reverse transcriptase Source.166: DFBPPR18119 ---- Animal proteins ---- Synaptic vesicular amine transporter Source.167: DFBPPR18120 ---- Animal proteins ---- Synaptic vesicular amine transporter Source.168: DFBPPR18129 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 Source.169: DFBPPR18161 ---- Animal proteins ---- Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 2 Source.170: DFBPPR18209 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Source.171: DFBPPR18435 ---- Animal proteins ---- Paraspeckle component 1 Source.172: DFBPPR18494 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostacyclin receptor Source.173: DFBPPR18508 ---- Animal proteins ---- Regakine-1 Source.174: DFBPPR18790 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proto-oncogene vav Source.175: DFBPPR18808 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 Source.176: DFBPPR18847 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heme oxygenase 1 Source.177: DFBPPR18981 ---- Animal proteins ---- Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP/GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial Source.178: DFBPPR19387 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 2 Source.179: DFBPPR19390 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TM129 Source.180: DFBPPR19580 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endosomal/lysosomal potassium channel TMEM175 Source.181: DFBPPR19589 ---- Animal proteins ---- 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 Source.182: DFBPPR19687 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome b ascorbate-dependent protein 3 Source.183: DFBPPR19899 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor expression-enhancing protein 6 Source.184: DFBPPR19988 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase MINDY-3 Source.185: DFBPPR20024 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor Source.186: DFBPPR20058 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 2 Source.187: DFBPPR20103 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein MAL2 Source.188: DFBPPR20378 ---- Animal proteins ---- GPI mannosyltransferase 1 Source.189: DFBPPR20426 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thimet oligopeptidase Source.190: DFBPPR20460 ---- Animal proteins ---- Monocarboxylate transporter 1 Source.191: DFBPPR20506 ---- Animal proteins ---- Akirin-2 Source.192: DFBPPR20516 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA-binding protein NOB1 Source.193: DFBPPR20574 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 201 Source.194: DFBPPR20662 ---- Animal proteins ---- C4b-binding protein alpha chain Source.195: DFBPPR20669 ---- Animal proteins ---- D site-binding protein Source.196: DFBPPR20808 ---- Animal proteins ---- Monocarboxylate transporter 13 Source.197: DFBPPR20836 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein RRP5 homolog Source.198: DFBPPR20850 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arylsulfatase K Source.199: DFBPPR21035 ---- Animal proteins ---- 39S ribosomal protein L38, mitochondrial Source.200: DFBPPR21294 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin filament-associated protein 1-like 1 Source.201: DFBPPR21334 ---- Animal proteins ---- LisH domain-containing protein ARMC9 Source.202: DFBPPR21358 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin light chain 1/3, skeletal muscle isoform Source.203: DFBPPR21368 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ferric-chelate reductase 1 Source.204: DFBPPR21527 ---- Animal proteins ---- Programmed cell death protein 2 Source.205: DFBPPR21679 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein spinster homolog 1 Source.206: DFBPPR21732 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 1 Source.207: DFBPPR21889 ---- Animal proteins ---- Secretion-regulating guanine nucleotide exchange factor Source.208: DFBPPR21907 ---- Animal proteins ---- Molybdate-anion transporter Source.209: DFBPPR21939 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H5 Source.210: DFBPPR22094 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein MMS22-like Source.211: DFBPPR22105 ---- Animal proteins ---- Centromere protein L Source.212: DFBPPR22329 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 172 Source.213: DFBPPR22331 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein 8 Source.214: DFBPPR22572 ---- Animal proteins ---- Maestro heat-like repeat-containing protein family member 1 Source.215: DFBPPR22603 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 27 Source.216: DFBPPR22614 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM81B Source.217: DFBPPR22746 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C1orf146 homolog Source.218: DFBPPR8562 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase Source.219: DFBPPR8615 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein Source.220: DFBPPR8669 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heme oxygenase 1 Source.221: DFBPPR8757 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction alpha-1 protein Source.222: DFBPPR8812 ---- Animal proteins ---- NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 Source.223: DFBPPR8818 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX4 Source.224: DFBPPR9255 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thimet oligopeptidase Source.225: DFBPPR9268 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vitamin D(3) 25-hydroxylase Source.226: DFBPPR9313 ---- Animal proteins ---- SRSF protein kinase 3 Source.227: DFBPPR9419 ---- Animal proteins ---- Deoxyribonuclease-2-alpha Source.228: DFBPPR9525 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 Source.229: DFBPPR9543 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-glucuronidase Source.230: DFBPPR9548 ---- Animal proteins ---- Membrane progestin receptor alpha Source.231: DFBPPR9562 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase C Source.232: DFBPPR9592 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 1 Source.233: DFBPPR9632 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor Source.234: DFBPPR9643 ---- Animal proteins ---- Apolipoprotein M Source.235: DFBPPR9874 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 1 Source.236: DFBPPR10082 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pinopsin Source.237: DFBPPR10192 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 Source.238: DFBPPR10212 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-4 Source.239: DFBPPR10247 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin filament-associated protein 1 Source.240: DFBPPR10277 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nitric oxide synthase, inducible Source.241: DFBPPR10365 ---- Animal proteins ---- Delta(14)-sterol reductase LBR Source.242: DFBPPR10390 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein sidekick-1 Source.243: DFBPPR10397 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor TYRO3 Source.244: DFBPPR10429 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 Source.245: DFBPPR10435 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 Source.246: DFBPPR10533 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA repair protein REV1 Source.247: DFBPPR10541 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glypican-1 Source.248: DFBPPR10548 ---- Animal proteins ---- Syndecan-4 Source.249: DFBPPR10561 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lens fiber major intrinsic protein Source.250: DFBPPR10633 ---- Animal proteins ---- Astacin-like metalloendopeptidase Source.251: DFBPPR10718 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin light chain 1, skeletal muscle isoform Source.252: DFBPPR10874 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme Source.253: DFBPPR10903 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin light chain 3, skeletal muscle isoform Source.254: DFBPPR10946 ---- Animal proteins ---- Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 Source.255: DFBPPR10969 ---- Animal proteins ---- Paraspeckle component 1 Source.256: DFBPPR11024 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction alpha-1 protein Source.257: DFBPPR11049 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6 Source.258: DFBPPR11056 ---- Animal proteins ---- Anti-apoptotic protein NR13 Source.259: DFBPPR11077 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosinase Source.260: DFBPPR11287 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 Source.261: DFBPPR11326 ---- Animal proteins ---- P2Y purinoceptor 8 Source.262: DFBPPR11334 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heme oxygenase 1 Source.263: DFBPPR11336 ---- Animal proteins ---- Monocarboxylate transporter 3 Source.264: DFBPPR11474 ---- Animal proteins ---- KH homology domain-containing protein 4 Source.265: DFBPPR11667 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heme transporter HRG1 Source.266: DFBPPR11720 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-17 receptor D Source.267: DFBPPR11891 ---- Animal proteins ---- TBCC domain-containing protein 1 Source.268: DFBPPR11967 ---- Animal proteins ---- Monocarboxylate transporter 4 Source.269: DFBPPR12027 ---- Animal proteins ---- Centromere protein L Source.270: DFBPPR12092 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein MMS22-like Source.271: DFBPPR12104 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 35 member G2 Source.272: DFBPPR12136 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein PHTF2 Source.273: DFBPPR12295 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 Source.274: DFBPPR12357 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase 1 Source.275: DFBPPR12392 ---- Animal proteins ---- Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 Source.276: DFBPPR12399 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction alpha-1 protein Source.277: DFBPPR12453 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase Source.278: DFBPPR12493 ---- Animal proteins ---- Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor Source.279: DFBPPR12541 ---- Animal proteins ---- Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 2 Source.280: DFBPPR12568 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 Source.281: DFBPPR12580 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 2 Source.282: DFBPPR12874 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor Source.283: DFBPPR12958 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuromedin-K receptor Source.284: DFBPPR12984 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolactin-inducible protein homolog Source.285: DFBPPR13177 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin E synthase Source.286: DFBPPR13178 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase Source.287: DFBPPR13190 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha Source.288: DFBPPR13214 ---- Animal proteins ---- 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase Source.289: DFBPPR13598 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-8 Source.290: DFBPPR14054 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pro-neuropeptide Y Source.291: DFBPPR14204 ---- Marine protein ---- Riboflavin transporter 2 Source.292: DFBPPR14293 ---- Marine protein ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.293: DFBPPR14321 ---- Marine protein ---- 30S ribosomal protein S2, chloroplastic Source.294: DFBPPR14351 ---- Marine protein ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.295: DFBPPR14946 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.296: DFBPPR14973 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial Source.297: DFBPPR15029 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Dol-P-Glc:Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase Source.298: DFBPPR15112 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Pre-mRNA-splicing ATP-dependent RNA helicase PRP28 Source.299: DFBPPR15180 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protein ROT1 Source.300: DFBPPR15235 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Pre-mRNA-processing ATP-dependent RNA helicase PRP5 Source.301: DFBPPR15263 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Transcriptional regulator PUL4 Source.302: DFBPPR15274 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase DBP7 Source.303: DFBPPR15498 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Autophagy-related protein 22 Source.304: DFBPPR15499 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 12 Source.305: DFBPPR7756 ---- Plant protein ---- P-(S)-hydroxymandelonitrile lyase Source.306: DFBPPR7766 ---- Plant protein ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.307: DFBPPR7787 ---- Plant protein ---- Fatty acid desaturase DES3 Source.308: DFBPPR7793 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.309: DFBPPR7796 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.310: DFBPPR7885 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem II reaction center protein M Source.311: DFBPPR8059 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.312: DFBPPR8139 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem II reaction center protein M Source.313: DFBPPR8237 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein Source.314: DFBPPR8252 ---- Plant protein ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 Source.315: DFBPPR8315 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem II reaction center protein M
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The F37-38 fraction of casein hydrolysates showed inhibition of 69% against Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1). The peptide AFLL was isolated from the F37-38, so the peptide was a potential ACE-inhibitory peptide (Undetermined valid IC₅₀ value).
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Proteolytic enzymes secreted by the cold-adapted microorganism Arsukibacterium ikkense were tested for their ability to degrade caseins at low temperature and produce bioactive peptides. The caseins were extensively degraded (90%) after 24 h of hydrolysis at 5 °C and completely degraded at 25 °C, and many novel peptides were formed.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Secreted enzymes from cultures of A. ikkense could be a valuable enzyme preparation for inexpensive, energy-efficient production of potent bioactive peptides from caseins in milk at low temperatures.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	De Gobba C, Tompa G, Otte J. Bioactive peptides from caseins released by cold active proteolytic enzymes from Arsukibacterium ikkense. Food Chem. 2014 Dec 15;165:205-15. PMID: 25038668 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.082
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2014