Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1052(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1052
Peptide sequence	GAGP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antihypertensive activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gly-Ala-Gly-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

GAGP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
301.1509 Da	300.31 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

98.82 ± 1.15 μM

pIC₅₀

-1.995

GRAVY

-0.1500^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Porcine skin gelatin
Precursor protein	Porcine collagen
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0808 ---- Plant proteins ---- Indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA8 Source.2: DFBPPR0822 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ROC4 Source.3: DFBPPR0869 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose transport protein SUT1 Source.4: DFBPPR1170 ---- Plant proteins ---- Shikimate kinase 2, chloroplastic Source.5: DFBPPR1427 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable esterase D14L Source.6: DFBPPR1488 ---- Plant proteins ---- Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase large chain, chloroplastic Source.7: DFBPPR1495 ---- Plant proteins ---- Indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA1 Source.8: DFBPPR1567 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute PNH1 Source.9: DFBPPR1571 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose transport protein SUT2 Source.10: DFBPPR1574 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 1, chloroplastic Source.11: DFBPPR1609 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B1 Source.12: DFBPPR1720 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 28 Source.13: DFBPPR1731 ---- Plant proteins ---- Indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA4 Source.14: DFBPPR1751 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat stress transcription factor A-4b Source.15: DFBPPR1867 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-21 Source.16: DFBPPR1912 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B3 Source.17: DFBPPR1919 ---- Plant proteins ---- Electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial Source.18: DFBPPR2053 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative laccase-5 Source.19: DFBPPR2065 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TITANIA Source.20: DFBPPR2091 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase-like protein D3 Source.21: DFBPPR2124 ---- Plant proteins ---- 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase 1, mitochondrial Source.22: DFBPPR2146 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B4 Source.23: DFBPPR2152 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose transport protein SUT4 Source.24: DFBPPR2157 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B6 Source.25: DFBPPR2224 ---- Plant proteins ---- CBL-interacting protein kinase 9 Source.26: DFBPPR2316 ---- Plant proteins ---- 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase 2, mitochondrial Source.27: DFBPPR2326 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose transport protein SUT3 Source.28: DFBPPR2381 ---- Plant proteins ---- Non-specific lipid-transfer protein 1 Source.29: DFBPPR2535 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucuronosyltransferase Os04g0650300 Source.30: DFBPPR2595 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B7 Source.31: DFBPPR2649 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit B-8 Source.32: DFBPPR2668 ---- Plant proteins ---- Two-component response regulator ORR33 Source.33: DFBPPR2686 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adagio-like protein 1 Source.34: DFBPPR2706 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-14H Source.35: DFBPPR2762 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase BSL1 homolog Source.36: DFBPPR2884 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B2 Source.37: DFBPPR2888 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B10 Source.38: DFBPPR3089 ---- Plant proteins ---- E3 SUMO-protein ligase SIZ2 Source.39: DFBPPR3555 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-related protein 8 Source.40: DFBPPR3703 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc-finger homeodomain protein 1 Source.41: DFBPPR3892 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 26 Source.42: DFBPPR3948 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable anion transporter 5, chloroplastic Source.43: DFBPPR4002 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein G1-like6 Source.44: DFBPPR4222 ---- Plant proteins ---- IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 8 Source.45: DFBPPR4247 ---- Plant proteins ---- GDT1-like protein 2, chloroplastic Source.46: DFBPPR4404 ---- Plant proteins ---- Two-component response regulator ORR32 Source.47: DFBPPR4551 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative nitric oxide synthase Source.48: DFBPPR4726 ---- Plant proteins ---- 40S ribosomal protein S10-2 Source.49: DFBPPR4815 ---- Plant proteins ---- 40S ribosomal protein S10-1 Source.50: DFBPPR4845 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 48 Source.51: DFBPPR4885 ---- Plant proteins ---- REF/SRPP-like protein Os05g0151300/LOC_Os05g05940 Source.52: DFBPPR4907 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein GLUTELIN PRECURSOR ACCUMULATION 3 Source.53: DFBPPR5239 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat shock 70 kDa protein Source.54: DFBPPR5546 ---- Plant proteins ---- Thiamine thiazole synthase 1, chloroplastic Source.55: DFBPPR5599 ---- Plant proteins ---- Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein PPR5, chloroplastic Source.56: DFBPPR5627 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B11 Source.57: DFBPPR5631 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 Source.58: DFBPPR5652 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-B10 Source.59: DFBPPR5833 ---- Plant proteins ---- O-methyltransferase ZRP4 Source.60: DFBPPR5923 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homocysteine S-methyltransferase 4 Source.61: DFBPPR5970 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat shock 70 kDa protein Source.62: DFBPPR5985 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin TIP4-3 Source.63: DFBPPR6145 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ninja-family protein 6 Source.64: DFBPPR6153 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ninja-family protein 8 Source.65: DFBPPR6154 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ninja-family protein 7 Source.66: DFBPPR7162 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine carboxypeptidase II-3 Source.67: DFBPPR7630 ---- Milk proteins ---- Folate receptor alpha Source.68: DFBPPR8444 ---- Plant proteins ---- Non-specific lipid-transfer protein 3 Source.69: DFBPPR15949 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 Source.70: DFBPPR16106 ---- Animal proteins ---- Orexin receptor type 2 Source.71: DFBPPR16144 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tight junction protein ZO-3 Source.72: DFBPPR16211 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase 5C Source.73: DFBPPR16232 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase 5D Source.74: DFBPPR16252 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid hormone receptor ERR1 Source.75: DFBPPR16309 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor Source.76: DFBPPR16564 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bcl-2-like protein 2 Source.77: DFBPPR16842 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(II) chain Source.78: DFBPPR16862 ---- Animal proteins ---- Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 Source.79: DFBPPR16959 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase Source.80: DFBPPR16982 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sorbitol dehydrogenase Source.81: DFBPPR17047 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuromodulin Source.82: DFBPPR17068 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Source.83: DFBPPR17195 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor for retinol uptake STRA6 Source.84: DFBPPR17265 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase Source.85: DFBPPR17377 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenylate cyclase type 1 Source.86: DFBPPR17417 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 Source.87: DFBPPR17474 ---- Animal proteins ---- AFG3-like protein 2 Source.88: DFBPPR17567 ---- Animal proteins ---- [F-actin]-monooxygenase MICAL1 Source.89: DFBPPR17578 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acidic mammalian chitinase Source.90: DFBPPR17744 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein argonaute-2 Source.91: DFBPPR17853 ---- Animal proteins ---- [F-actin]-monooxygenase MICAL3 Source.92: DFBPPR17920 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rod outer segment membrane protein 1 Source.93: DFBPPR18040 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F Source.94: DFBPPR18130 ---- Animal proteins ---- CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha Source.95: DFBPPR18142 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein CASC3 Source.96: DFBPPR18164 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thromboxane-A synthase Source.97: DFBPPR18209 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Source.98: DFBPPR18380 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytosolic carboxypeptidase-like protein 5 Source.99: DFBPPR18388 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial Source.100: DFBPPR18473 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sharpin Source.101: DFBPPR18478 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial Source.102: DFBPPR18493 ---- Animal proteins ---- H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 7 Source.103: DFBPPR18537 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(III) chain Source.104: DFBPPR18564 ---- Animal proteins ---- BRISC and BRCA1-A complex member 1 Source.105: DFBPPR18722 ---- Animal proteins ---- Electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial Source.106: DFBPPR18780 ---- Animal proteins ---- Homeobox protein Hox-A3 Source.107: DFBPPR18810 ---- Animal proteins ---- SHC-transforming protein 1 Source.108: DFBPPR18813 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 3, mitochondrial Source.109: DFBPPR18822 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein Source.110: DFBPPR18872 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 Source.111: DFBPPR18997 ---- Animal proteins ---- Striatin-3 Source.112: DFBPPR19009 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 1 Source.113: DFBPPR19075 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 Source.114: DFBPPR19449 ---- Animal proteins ---- SCO-spondin Source.115: DFBPPR19487 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein disulfide isomerase CRELD1 Source.116: DFBPPR19586 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uridine-cytidine kinase 1 Source.117: DFBPPR19604 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein-lysine methyltransferase METTL21C Source.118: DFBPPR19632 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF25 Source.119: DFBPPR19764 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bcl-2-like protein 2 Source.120: DFBPPR19919 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tripeptidyl-peptidase 2 Source.121: DFBPPR20191 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5-oxoprolinase Source.122: DFBPPR20502 ---- Animal proteins ---- COP9 signalosome complex subunit 9 Source.123: DFBPPR20517 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA-binding protein 42 Source.124: DFBPPR20555 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 17C Source.125: DFBPPR20571 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 4 Source.126: DFBPPR20615 ---- Animal proteins ---- Seizure 6-like protein 2 Source.127: DFBPPR20617 ---- Animal proteins ---- GTPase-activating protein and VPS9 domain-containing protein 1 Source.128: DFBPPR20649 ---- Animal proteins ---- Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase, mitochondrial Source.129: DFBPPR20665 ---- Animal proteins ---- PWWP domain-containing DNA repair factor 3A Source.130: DFBPPR20849 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spermatid perinuclear RNA-binding protein Source.131: DFBPPR20928 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear envelope integral membrane protein 1 Source.132: DFBPPR21125 ---- Animal proteins ---- Male-enhanced antigen 1 Source.133: DFBPPR21191 ---- Animal proteins ---- RAS protein activator like-3 Source.134: DFBPPR21208 ---- Animal proteins ---- Short transient receptor potential channel 2 homolog Source.135: DFBPPR21339 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein 692 Source.136: DFBPPR21392 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitoferrin-1 Source.137: DFBPPR21690 ---- Animal proteins ---- Synapse differentiation-inducing gene protein 1-like Source.138: DFBPPR21692 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitotic-spindle organizing protein 2 Source.139: DFBPPR21739 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sorting nexin-15 Source.140: DFBPPR21775 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM193B Source.141: DFBPPR21782 ---- Animal proteins ---- Surfactant-associated protein 2 Source.142: DFBPPR22097 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ester hydrolase C11orf54 homolog Source.143: DFBPPR22160 ---- Animal proteins ---- CYFIP-related Rac1 interactor A Source.144: DFBPPR22199 ---- Animal proteins ---- SCAN domain-containing protein 1 Source.145: DFBPPR22253 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inhibitory synaptic factor 1 Source.146: DFBPPR22331 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein 8 Source.147: DFBPPR22341 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger HIT domain-containing protein 2 Source.148: DFBPPR22472 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 16 member A1 Source.149: DFBPPR22730 ---- Animal proteins ---- UPF0545 protein C22orf39 homolog Source.150: DFBPPR8562 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase Source.151: DFBPPR8563 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase Source.152: DFBPPR8679 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2 Source.153: DFBPPR8686 ---- Animal proteins ---- NAD(+) hydrolase SARM1 Source.154: DFBPPR8712 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 Source.155: DFBPPR8723 ---- Animal proteins ---- Platelet factor 4 Source.156: DFBPPR8732 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)] Source.157: DFBPPR8746 ---- Animal proteins ---- Electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial Source.158: DFBPPR8828 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thromboxane-A synthase Source.159: DFBPPR8922 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A Source.160: DFBPPR9008 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein Source.161: DFBPPR9105 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase 5C Source.162: DFBPPR9235 ---- Animal proteins ---- Apomucin Source.163: DFBPPR9280 ---- Animal proteins ---- Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 Source.164: DFBPPR9313 ---- Animal proteins ---- SRSF protein kinase 3 Source.165: DFBPPR9744 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14B Source.166: DFBPPR9939 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tctex1 domain-containing protein 4 Source.167: DFBPPR10028 ---- Animal proteins ---- CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta Source.168: DFBPPR10029 ---- Animal proteins ---- Activin receptor type-2B Source.169: DFBPPR10127 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock factor protein 1 Source.170: DFBPPR10147 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS Source.171: DFBPPR10390 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein sidekick-1 Source.172: DFBPPR10429 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 Source.173: DFBPPR10519 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2 Source.174: DFBPPR10573 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuronal-glial cell adhesion molecule Source.175: DFBPPR10605 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elastin Source.176: DFBPPR10630 ---- Animal proteins ---- Contactin-2 Source.177: DFBPPR10679 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial Source.178: DFBPPR10845 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 26A1 Source.179: DFBPPR10851 ---- Animal proteins ---- Wee1-like protein kinase 2 Source.180: DFBPPR10852 ---- Animal proteins ---- Wee1-like protein kinase 2 Source.181: DFBPPR10872 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase 7 Source.182: DFBPPR10897 ---- Animal proteins ---- Doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor 1 Source.183: DFBPPR10991 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurogenic differentiation factor 1 Source.184: DFBPPR11018 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcriptional coactivator YAP1 Source.185: DFBPPR11311 ---- Animal proteins ---- Forkhead box protein D1 Source.186: DFBPPR11376 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lamin-A Source.187: DFBPPR11402 ---- Animal proteins ---- Contactin-associated protein-like 5 Source.188: DFBPPR11605 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA repair protein complementing XP-A cells homolog Source.189: DFBPPR11638 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coatomer subunit epsilon Source.190: DFBPPR11680 ---- Animal proteins ---- GTPase Era, mitochondrial Source.191: DFBPPR11685 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 22 Source.192: DFBPPR11731 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein polybromo-1 Source.193: DFBPPR11749 ---- Animal proteins ---- Homeobox protein Hox-A3 Source.194: DFBPPR11787 ---- Animal proteins ---- V-type proton ATPase subunit B Source.195: DFBPPR11950 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spermatid perinuclear RNA-binding protein Source.196: DFBPPR11990 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor SOX-1 Source.197: DFBPPR12004 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 3a Source.198: DFBPPR12043 ---- Animal proteins ---- Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 subunit 5 Source.199: DFBPPR12162 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metallo-beta-lactamase domain-containing protein 2 Source.200: DFBPPR12231 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 10 Source.201: DFBPPR12272 ---- Animal proteins ---- Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 Source.202: DFBPPR12291 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 Source.203: DFBPPR12375 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrial Source.204: DFBPPR12416 ---- Animal proteins ---- Oxysterol-binding protein 1 Source.205: DFBPPR12432 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 Source.206: DFBPPR12568 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 Source.207: DFBPPR12786 ---- Animal proteins ---- Intercellular adhesion molecule 5 Source.208: DFBPPR12801 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 3A6 Source.209: DFBPPR12994 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ig mu chain C region membrane-bound form Source.210: DFBPPR13099 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ig mu chain C region secreted form Source.211: DFBPPR13178 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase Source.212: DFBPPR13229 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gelsolin Source.213: DFBPPR13429 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase Source.214: DFBPPR13539 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sorbitol dehydrogenase Source.215: DFBPPR13553 ---- Animal proteins ---- Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase Source.216: DFBPPR13715 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 5 Source.217: DFBPPR13907 ---- Animal proteins ---- Shadow of prion protein Source.218: DFBPPR13908 ---- Animal proteins ---- Shadow of prion protein Source.219: DFBPPR14573 ---- Marine protein ---- Cytochrome P450 3A27 Source.220: DFBPPR14583 ---- Marine protein ---- Insulin-like growth factor I Source.221: DFBPPR15836 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Ubiquinol oxidase subunit 1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 98.82 ± 1.15 μM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Porcine skin gelatin was hydrolysed with Aspergillus niger prolyl endoproteinase (An-PEP) to produce an hydrolysate with potent ACE inhibitory activity (mean IC₅₀: 220.2 mg/mL) after 4-h hydrolysis.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Oral administration (50 mg/kg body weight) of the porcine skin gelatin hydrolysate to spontaneously hypertensive rats resulted in decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 28.89 ± 5.11 and 22.86 ± 5.65 mm Hg, respectively. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were also reduced (25.99 ± 5.66 mm Hg and 53.63 ± 17.67 bpm, respectively).
Aspergillus niger prolyl endoproteinase (An-PEP) hydrolysates of gelatin could be used to develop functional food or nutraceutical products to combat hypertension and its related conditions.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANHY0961
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0530

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	O'Keeffe, M.B., Norris, R., Alashi, M.A., Aluko, R.E., FitzGerald, R.J. Peptide identification in a porcine gelatin prolyl endoproteinase hydrolysate with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and hypotensive activity. Journal of Functional Foods. 2017, 34, 77-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.018
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2017