Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1055(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1055
Peptide sequence	DLGP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Asp-Leu-Gly-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

DLGP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
401.2036 Da	400.42 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

3.13 ^c

IC₅₀

149.00 ± 1.24 μM

pIC₅₀

-2.173

GRAVY

-0.4250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Porcine skin gelatin
Precursor protein	Porcine collagen
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0843 ---- Plant proteins ---- MADS-box transcription factor 1 Source.2: DFBPPR0980 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ketol-acid reductoisomerase, chloroplastic Source.3: DFBPPR1090 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable transcription factor FL Source.4: DFBPPR1157 ---- Plant proteins ---- MADS-box transcription factor 17 Source.5: DFBPPR1361 ---- Plant proteins ---- Anthranilate synthase beta subunit 2, chloroplastic Source.6: DFBPPR1475 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamate receptor 3.1 Source.7: DFBPPR1604 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase Source.8: DFBPPR1955 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 3b Source.9: DFBPPR2597 ---- Plant proteins ---- Leucine aminopeptidase Source.10: DFBPPR2685 ---- Plant proteins ---- Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase Source.11: DFBPPR2686 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adagio-like protein 1 Source.12: DFBPPR2815 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative adagio-like protein 2 Source.13: DFBPPR3634 ---- Plant proteins ---- Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase A2-2 Source.14: DFBPPR4656 ---- Plant proteins ---- SPX domain-containing membrane protein Os09g0521800 Source.15: DFBPPR4665 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 24 Source.16: DFBPPR5038 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase Source.17: DFBPPR5543 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase Source.18: DFBPPR5811 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit a Source.19: DFBPPR6283 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ketol-acid reductoisomerase, chloroplastic Source.20: DFBPPR6427 ---- Plant proteins ---- MADS-box transcription factor 1 Source.21: DFBPPR6444 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit DAD1 Source.22: DFBPPR6515 ---- Plant proteins ---- Carotenoid 9,10(9',10')-cleavage dioxygenase 1 Source.23: DFBPPR6789 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit a Source.24: DFBPPR6823 ---- Plant proteins ---- Splicing factor U2af large subunit B Source.25: DFBPPR6867 ---- Plant proteins ---- Retinoblastoma-related protein 1 Source.26: DFBPPR7487 ---- Plant proteins ---- Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Source.27: DFBPPR16003 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/calcium exchanger 1 Source.28: DFBPPR16063 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Source.29: DFBPPR16291 ---- Animal proteins ---- DLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A9/A9 alpha chain Source.30: DFBPPR16310 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc-activated ligand-gated ion channel Source.31: DFBPPR16324 ---- Animal proteins ---- NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 Source.32: DFBPPR16445 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2 Source.33: DFBPPR16519 ---- Animal proteins ---- Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC8 Source.34: DFBPPR16884 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/calcium exchanger 1 Source.35: DFBPPR16954 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-2-antiplasmin Source.36: DFBPPR17039 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 Source.37: DFBPPR17172 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein Source.38: DFBPPR17266 ---- Animal proteins ---- WASH complex subunit 1 Source.39: DFBPPR17458 ---- Animal proteins ---- Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial Source.40: DFBPPR17530 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal acid glucosylceramidase Source.41: DFBPPR17924 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter Source.42: DFBPPR17986 ---- Animal proteins ---- Atypical kinase COQ8A, mitochondrial Source.43: DFBPPR18304 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Source.44: DFBPPR18318 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase BAP1 Source.45: DFBPPR18568 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cdc42 effector protein 2 Source.46: DFBPPR18618 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP-2 complex subunit beta Source.47: DFBPPR18626 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thymidylate synthase Source.48: DFBPPR18710 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase Source.49: DFBPPR19033 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-2(XI) chain Source.50: DFBPPR19077 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytoplasmic dynein 1 intermediate chain 1 Source.51: DFBPPR19136 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasome subunit beta type-5 Source.52: DFBPPR19138 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase E Source.53: DFBPPR19149 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA excision repair protein ERCC-6-like Source.54: DFBPPR19280 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF183 Source.55: DFBPPR19527 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A Source.56: DFBPPR19722 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cdc42 effector protein 1 Source.57: DFBPPR19783 ---- Animal proteins ---- Syndecan-1 Source.58: DFBPPR19866 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin-related protein 8 Source.59: DFBPPR19924 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protocadherin-18 Source.60: DFBPPR19989 ---- Animal proteins ---- Luc7-like protein 3 Source.61: DFBPPR20097 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP-1 complex subunit beta-1 Source.62: DFBPPR20229 ---- Animal proteins ---- N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase Source.63: DFBPPR20419 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 52, riboflavin transporter, member 3 Source.64: DFBPPR20499 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 102 Source.65: DFBPPR20602 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon regulatory factor 6 Source.66: DFBPPR20639 ---- Animal proteins ---- NmrA-like family domain-containing protein 1 Source.67: DFBPPR20743 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myozenin-1 Source.68: DFBPPR20748 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein ABHD14B Source.69: DFBPPR20835 ---- Animal proteins ---- TBC1 domain family member 24 Source.70: DFBPPR21150 ---- Animal proteins ---- DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 27 Source.71: DFBPPR21328 ---- Animal proteins ---- Outer dense fiber protein 3 Source.72: DFBPPR21352 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutathione peroxidase 7 Source.73: DFBPPR21378 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kinesin light chain 3 Source.74: DFBPPR21485 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proline-rich protein 14 Source.75: DFBPPR21491 ---- Animal proteins ---- CUE domain-containing protein 2 Source.76: DFBPPR21952 ---- Animal proteins ---- Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 6 Source.77: DFBPPR22211 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribonuclease P protein subunit p25-like protein Source.78: DFBPPR22682 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM216A Source.79: DFBPPR8573 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 Source.80: DFBPPR8684 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sialoadhesin Source.81: DFBPPR8839 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Source.82: DFBPPR9046 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon regulatory factor 3 Source.83: DFBPPR9346 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myozenin-1 Source.84: DFBPPR9417 ---- Animal proteins ---- Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 Source.85: DFBPPR9619 ---- Animal proteins ---- Teashirt homolog 2 Source.86: DFBPPR10050 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protocadherin-15 Source.87: DFBPPR10502 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pumilio homolog 1 Source.88: DFBPPR10607 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-2(VI) chain Source.89: DFBPPR10809 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysine-specific demethylase 3A Source.90: DFBPPR10859 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase BAP1 Source.91: DFBPPR11063 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 1 Source.92: DFBPPR11096 ---- Animal proteins ---- WASH complex subunit 1 Source.93: DFBPPR11425 ---- Animal proteins ---- Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 Source.94: DFBPPR11911 ---- Animal proteins ---- NmrA-like family domain-containing protein 1 Source.95: DFBPPR11946 ---- Animal proteins ---- RecQ-mediated genome instability protein 1 Source.96: DFBPPR12355 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Source.97: DFBPPR12428 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha Source.98: DFBPPR12941 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tuftelin-interacting protein 11 Source.99: DFBPPR12948 ---- Animal proteins ---- Apolipoprotein C-IV Source.100: DFBPPR13482 ---- Animal proteins ---- N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase Source.101: DFBPPR14240 ---- Marine protein ---- Otolin-1 Source.102: DFBPPR14660 ---- Marine protein ---- Otolin-1 Source.103: DFBPPR14858 ---- Marine protein ---- Hemoglobin cathodic subunit alpha Source.104: DFBPPR14996 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Homocysteine/cysteine synthase Source.105: DFBPPR15085 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Source.106: DFBPPR15737 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Required for respiratory growth protein 9, mitochondrial Source.107: DFBPPR15868 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Thymidylate synthase Source.108: DFBPPR15870 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Source.109: DFBPPR7943 ---- Plant protein ---- ATP synthase subunit a Source.110: DFBPPR8074 ---- Plant protein ---- Carotenoid 9,10(9',10')-cleavage dioxygenase 1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 149.00 ± 1.24 μM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	No prediction can be made about the peptide bitterness. ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Porcine skin gelatin was hydrolysed with Aspergillus niger prolyl endoproteinase (An-PEP) to produce an hydrolysate with potent ACE inhibitory activity (mean IC₅₀: 220.2 mg/mL) after 4-h hydrolysis.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Oral administration (50 mg/kg body weight) of the porcine skin gelatin hydrolysate to spontaneously hypertensive rats resulted in decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 28.89 ± 5.11 and 22.86 ± 5.65 mm Hg, respectively. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were also reduced (25.99 ± 5.66 mm Hg and 53.63 ± 17.67 bpm, respectively).
Aspergillus niger prolyl endoproteinase (An-PEP) hydrolysates of gelatin could be used to develop functional food or nutraceutical products to combat hypertension and its related conditions.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	O'Keeffe, M.B., Norris, R., Alashi, M.A., Aluko, R.E., FitzGerald, R.J. Peptide identification in a porcine gelatin prolyl endoproteinase hydrolysate with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and hypotensive activity. Journal of Functional Foods. 2017, 34, 77-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.018
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2017