Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1060(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1060
Peptide sequence	QSGP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gln-Ser-Gly-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

QSGP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
388.1850 Da	387.39 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

168.60 ± 1.41 μM

pIC₅₀

-2.227

GRAVY

-1.5750^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Porcine skin gelatin
Precursor protein	Porcine collagen
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1225 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein phosphatase 2C 35 Source.2: DFBPPR1561 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chitinase 4 Source.3: DFBPPR2264 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 3 homolog 1 Source.4: DFBPPR2680 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aspartic proteinase oryzasin-1 Source.5: DFBPPR3567 ---- Plant proteins ---- U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein B'' Source.6: DFBPPR3940 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative cyclin-D2-3 Source.7: DFBPPR4811 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 55 Source.8: DFBPPR5077 ---- Plant proteins ---- Digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1, chloroplastic Source.9: DFBPPR5393 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endochitinase A Source.10: DFBPPR5670 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endochitinase B Source.11: DFBPPR6261 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein translocase subunit SecA, chloroplastic Source.12: DFBPPR7043 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-amylase Source.13: DFBPPR7422 ---- Plant proteins ---- Napin-1A Source.14: DFBPPR7465 ---- Plant proteins ---- Oleosin S1-2 Source.15: DFBPPR7493 ---- Plant proteins ---- 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 Source.16: DFBPPR7693 ---- Milk proteins ---- Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A Source.17: DFBPPR16128 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cubilin Source.18: DFBPPR16283 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A Source.19: DFBPPR16477 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-glucuronidase Source.20: DFBPPR16615 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 Source.21: DFBPPR17367 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase Source.22: DFBPPR17737 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inactive serine/threonine-protein kinase TEX14 Source.23: DFBPPR18029 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-3(IV) chain Source.24: DFBPPR18548 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lipoyl synthase, mitochondrial Source.25: DFBPPR18954 ---- Animal proteins ---- Putative RNA polymerase II subunit B1 CTD phosphatase RPAP2 Source.26: DFBPPR18988 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase Source.27: DFBPPR19049 ---- Animal proteins ---- Caprin-1 Source.28: DFBPPR19259 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein transport protein Sec16B Source.29: DFBPPR19406 ---- Animal proteins ---- [3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase [lipoamide]] kinase, mitochondrial Source.30: DFBPPR19587 ---- Animal proteins ---- Volume-regulated anion channel subunit LRRC8C Source.31: DFBPPR20008 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine incorporator 3 Source.32: DFBPPR20412 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein disulfide-isomerase A4 Source.33: DFBPPR20500 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc transporter ZIP1 Source.34: DFBPPR20849 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spermatid perinuclear RNA-binding protein Source.35: DFBPPR20905 ---- Animal proteins ---- THO complex subunit 3 Source.36: DFBPPR22726 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C16orf90 homolog Source.37: DFBPPR8923 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cubilin Source.38: DFBPPR9626 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 Source.39: DFBPPR10261 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cadherin-13 Source.40: DFBPPR10422 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(XII) chain Source.41: DFBPPR10520 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-2(IX) chain Source.42: DFBPPR10876 ---- Animal proteins ---- Telomere-associated protein RIF1 Source.43: DFBPPR10891 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha Source.44: DFBPPR10965 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor 1 X-type Source.45: DFBPPR11658 ---- Animal proteins ---- TAR DNA-binding protein 43 Source.46: DFBPPR11950 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spermatid perinuclear RNA-binding protein Source.47: DFBPPR12516 ---- Animal proteins ---- Indolethylamine N-methyltransferase Source.48: DFBPPR12553 ---- Animal proteins ---- Anti-Muellerian hormone type-2 receptor Source.49: DFBPPR13643 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor SOX-2 Source.50: DFBPPR14569 ---- Marine protein ---- Collagen alpha-2(I) chain Source.51: DFBPPR15054 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Autophagy-related protein 9 Source.52: DFBPPR15512 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Vacuolar membrane-associated protein IML1 Source.53: DFBPPR15522 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 3 Source.54: DFBPPR15570 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Glucose starvation modulator protein 1 Source.55: DFBPPR15870 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Source.56: DFBPPR0009 ---- Plant protein ---- Conglutin beta 1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 168.60 ± 1.41 μM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Porcine skin gelatin was hydrolysed with Aspergillus niger prolyl endoproteinase (An-PEP) to produce an hydrolysate with potent ACE inhibitory activity (mean IC₅₀: 220.2 mg/mL) after 4-h hydrolysis.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Oral administration (50 mg/kg body weight) of the porcine skin gelatin hydrolysate to spontaneously hypertensive rats resulted in decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 28.89 ± 5.11 and 22.86 ± 5.65 mm Hg, respectively. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were also reduced (25.99 ± 5.66 mm Hg and 53.63 ± 17.67 bpm, respectively).
Aspergillus niger prolyl endoproteinase (An-PEP) hydrolysates of gelatin could be used to develop functional food or nutraceutical products to combat hypertension and its related conditions.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	O'Keeffe, M.B., Norris, R., Alashi, M.A., Aluko, R.E., FitzGerald, R.J. Peptide identification in a porcine gelatin prolyl endoproteinase hydrolysate with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and hypotensive activity. Journal of Functional Foods. 2017, 34, 77-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.018
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2017