Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1066(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1066
Peptide sequence	QVGP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gln-Val-Gly-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

QVGP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
400.2203 Da	399.45 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

160.80 ± 1.29 μM

pIC₅₀

-2.206

GRAVY

-0.3250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Porcine skin gelatin
Precursor protein	Porcine collagen
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1023 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein disulfide isomerase-like 1-1 Source.2: DFBPPR1046 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable histidine kinase 3 Source.3: DFBPPR1168 ---- Plant proteins ---- bZIP transcription factor 23 Source.4: DFBPPR1385 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1-2 Source.5: DFBPPR1524 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase, chloroplastic Source.6: DFBPPR1546 ---- Plant proteins ---- Potassium transporter 1 Source.7: DFBPPR1875 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 2 Source.8: DFBPPR2005 ---- Plant proteins ---- Telomerase reverse transcriptase Source.9: DFBPPR2165 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein disulfide isomerase-like 1-2 Source.10: DFBPPR2166 ---- Plant proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor isoform 4G-1 Source.11: DFBPPR2915 ---- Plant proteins ---- Pseudo histidine-containing phosphotransfer protein 2 Source.12: DFBPPR3839 ---- Plant proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor isoform 4G-2 Source.13: DFBPPR4303 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 17 Source.14: DFBPPR4925 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1-1 Source.15: DFBPPR5149 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 2 Source.16: DFBPPR5181 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1 Source.17: DFBPPR5680 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase root isozyme 3 Source.18: DFBPPR5700 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase root isozyme 5 Source.19: DFBPPR5704 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase root isozyme 1 Source.20: DFBPPR5715 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase root isozyme 4 Source.21: DFBPPR5726 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase, chloroplastic Source.22: DFBPPR5727 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein disulfide-isomerase Source.23: DFBPPR6330 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase leaf isozyme, chloroplastic Source.24: DFBPPR6400 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase root isozyme A Source.25: DFBPPR6414 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase nodule isozyme Source.26: DFBPPR6416 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase root isozyme B Source.27: DFBPPR6716 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein disulfide-isomerase Source.28: DFBPPR6927 ---- Plant proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor isoform 4G-1 Source.29: DFBPPR6952 ---- Plant proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor isoform 4G-2 Source.30: DFBPPR7048 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein disulfide-isomerase Source.31: DFBPPR7104 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase leaf isozyme, chloroplastic Source.32: DFBPPR7248 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase Source.33: DFBPPR7464 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase, chloroplastic Source.34: DFBPPR16177 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E2 Source.35: DFBPPR16262 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 Source.36: DFBPPR16321 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aggrecan core protein Source.37: DFBPPR16501 ---- Animal proteins ---- F-box/LRR-repeat protein 15 Source.38: DFBPPR16987 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aggrecan core protein Source.39: DFBPPR17156 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase A Source.40: DFBPPR17575 ---- Animal proteins ---- A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 Source.41: DFBPPR17597 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 10 Source.42: DFBPPR17779 ---- Animal proteins ---- Integrin alpha-3 Source.43: DFBPPR17980 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase haspin Source.44: DFBPPR18115 ---- Animal proteins ---- Short-wave-sensitive opsin 1 Source.45: DFBPPR18821 ---- Animal proteins ---- Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase Source.46: DFBPPR18865 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(XI) chain Source.47: DFBPPR18925 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurochondrin Source.48: DFBPPR19048 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit B Source.49: DFBPPR19670 ---- Animal proteins ---- SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 2 Source.50: DFBPPR19767 ---- Animal proteins ---- F-box/LRR-repeat protein 15 Source.51: DFBPPR20511 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitoguardin 2 Source.52: DFBPPR20514 ---- Animal proteins ---- Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 1, mitochondrial Source.53: DFBPPR20965 ---- Animal proteins ---- Translation initiation factor eIF-2B subunit delta Source.54: DFBPPR21310 ---- Animal proteins ---- von Willebrand factor A domain-containing protein 1 Source.55: DFBPPR22295 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein PROCA1 Source.56: DFBPPR22429 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 107 Source.57: DFBPPR22568 ---- Animal proteins ---- Small integral membrane protein 5 Source.58: DFBPPR9172 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein N-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase Source.59: DFBPPR9341 ---- Animal proteins ---- Paralemmin-1 Source.60: DFBPPR10126 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase Source.61: DFBPPR10160 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-2(I) chain Source.62: DFBPPR10622 ---- Animal proteins ---- Violet-sensitive opsin Source.63: DFBPPR10722 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 10 Source.64: DFBPPR11215 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein PLAG1 Source.65: DFBPPR11286 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein wntless homolog Source.66: DFBPPR11838 ---- Animal proteins ---- Enhancer of mRNA-decapping protein 3 Source.67: DFBPPR12784 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cadherin-16 Source.68: DFBPPR14402 ---- Marine protein ---- 50S ribosomal protein L3, chloroplastic Source.69: DFBPPR14555 ---- Marine protein ---- Vitellogenin Source.70: DFBPPR14629 ---- Marine protein ---- Apolipoprotein A-I-1 Source.71: DFBPPR14802 ---- Marine protein ---- Glutamine synthetase Source.72: DFBPPR15374 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Glutamine synthetase Source.73: DFBPPR15872 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Glutamine synthetase Source.74: DFBPPR8056 ---- Plant protein ---- Glutamine synthetase leaf isozyme, chloroplastic Source.75: DFBPPR8081 ---- Plant protein ---- Glutamine synthetase N-1 Source.76: DFBPPR8089 ---- Plant protein ---- Glutamine synthetase PR-2 Source.77: DFBPPR8094 ---- Plant protein ---- Glutamine synthetase PR-1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 160.80 ± 1.29 μM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Porcine skin gelatin was hydrolysed with Aspergillus niger prolyl endoproteinase (An-PEP) to produce an hydrolysate with potent ACE inhibitory activity (mean IC₅₀: 220.2 mg/mL) after 4-h hydrolysis.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Oral administration (50 mg/kg body weight) of the porcine skin gelatin hydrolysate to spontaneously hypertensive rats resulted in decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 28.89 ± 5.11 and 22.86 ± 5.65 mm Hg, respectively. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were also reduced (25.99 ± 5.66 mm Hg and 53.63 ± 17.67 bpm, respectively).
Aspergillus niger prolyl endoproteinase (An-PEP) hydrolysates of gelatin could be used to develop functional food or nutraceutical products to combat hypertension and its related conditions.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	O'Keeffe, M.B., Norris, R., Alashi, M.A., Aluko, R.E., FitzGerald, R.J. Peptide identification in a porcine gelatin prolyl endoproteinase hydrolysate with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and hypotensive activity. Journal of Functional Foods. 2017, 34, 77-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.018
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2017