Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1126(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1126
Peptide sequence	GLPQE
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antimicrobial activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gly-Leu-Pro-Gln-Glu

Single-letter amino acid

GLPQE

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
543.27 Da	542.59 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

3.34 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-1.0400^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

60%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Milk protein
Precursor protein	α_s1-Casein
Residue position	f(10-14)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR2655 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase, chloroplastic Source.2: DFBPPR8488 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-S1-casein Source.3: DFBPPR17568 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon tau-2 Source.4: DFBPPR9961 ---- Animal proteins ---- Somatotropin Source.5: DFBPPR12570 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D Source.6: DFBPPR13464 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon tau Source.7: DFBPPR13633 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon tau-2 Source.8: DFBPPR13645 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon tau-6 Source.9: DFBPPR13653 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon tau-11 Source.10: DFBPPR13679 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon tau-3 Source.11: DFBPPR13694 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon tau-1 Source.12: DFBPPR13720 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon tau-10 Source.13: DFBPPR13742 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon tau-5 Source.14: DFBPPR13743 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon tau-9 Source.15: DFBPPR13744 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon tau-8 Source.16: DFBPPR13745 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon tau-7 Source.17: DFBPPR13748 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon tau-4
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide was isolated from the alpha 13 fraction with 13.99% Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibition, so the peptide was a potential ACE-inhibitory peptide (data not shown).
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Fermentation
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Milk proteins were fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581 at 40 ℃ for 4 h.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The bioactive peptides released by CRL 581 strain may be used in the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals, representing a healthier and natural alternative for regulating blood pressure.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPAMIC0478
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0543

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Villegas, J.M., Picariello, G., Mamone, G., Espeche Turbay, M.B., Savoy de Giori, G., Hebert, E.M. Milk-derived angiotensin-I-converting enzymeinhibitory peptides generated by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581. Peptidomics. 2014, 1. DOI: 10.2478/ped-2014-0002
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2014