Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1209(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1209
Peptide sequence	VLGPVRGPFPIIV
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antihypertensive activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Val-Leu-Gly-Pro-Val-Arg-Gly-Pro-Phe-Pro-Ile-Ile-Val

Single-letter amino acid

VLGPVRGPFPIIV

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
1362.7 Da	1363.70 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

11.04 ^c

IC₅₀

> 700 uM

pIC₅₀

> -2.845

GRAVY

1.3923^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

92.31%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine milk proteins
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(197-209)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR7718 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.2: DFBPPR8489 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited very low Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of > 700 uM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Fermentation
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Milk was fermented with Enterococcus faecalis, CECT 5727.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The potential of the peptide for use in functional foods to mitigate hypertension would seem to merit further clinical studies in humans.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANHY0149
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0250

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Quirós, A., Ramos, M., Muguerza, B., Delgado, M.A., Miguel, M., Aleixandre, A., et al. Identification of novel antihypertensive peptides in milk fermented with Enterococcus faecalis. International Dairy Journal. 2007, 17, 33-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.12.011
Other literature(s)	[1] Quirós A, Del M C M , Ramos M , et al. Stability to gastrointestinal enzymes and structure-activity relationship of beta-casein-peptides with antihypertensive properties.[J]. Peptides, 2009, 30(10):1848-1853.
PubDate	2007