Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1242(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1242
Peptide sequence	VVPG
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Val-Val-Pro-Gly

Single-letter amino acid

VVPG

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
371 Da	370.45 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

> 4000 μM

pIC₅₀

> -3.602

GRAVY

1.6000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine
Precursor protein	Neck ligament elastin
Residue position	f(485-488), f(491-494)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0841 ---- Plant proteins ---- Catalase isozyme A Source.2: DFBPPR1293 ---- Plant proteins ---- Copper-transporting ATPase HMA5 Source.3: DFBPPR1364 ---- Plant proteins ---- Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial Source.4: DFBPPR1494 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein SHORT-ROOT 1 Source.5: DFBPPR1689 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 21 Source.6: DFBPPR1808 ---- Plant proteins ---- Flap endonuclease GEN-like 2 Source.7: DFBPPR1822 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HIP1 Source.8: DFBPPR1979 ---- Plant proteins ---- Quinolinate synthase, chloroplastic Source.9: DFBPPR1994 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 2 Source.10: DFBPPR2020 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-1 chain Source.11: DFBPPR2077 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 8C Source.12: DFBPPR2086 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytokinin dehydrogenase 6 Source.13: DFBPPR2095 ---- Plant proteins ---- Geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase, chloroplastic Source.14: DFBPPR2232 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-2 chain Source.15: DFBPPR2264 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 3 homolog 1 Source.16: DFBPPR2481 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tryptophan decarboxylase 1 Source.17: DFBPPR2585 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 8B Source.18: DFBPPR2596 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 9 Source.19: DFBPPR2708 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ras-related protein RGP1 Source.20: DFBPPR2792 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 8A Source.21: DFBPPR2798 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 6 Source.22: DFBPPR2814 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 8D Source.23: DFBPPR3079 ---- Plant proteins ---- Soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase Source.24: DFBPPR3106 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein HIRA Source.25: DFBPPR3133 ---- Plant proteins ---- Double-stranded RNA-binding protein 8 Source.26: DFBPPR3231 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 45 Source.27: DFBPPR3359 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 1 Source.28: DFBPPR3379 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 42 Source.29: DFBPPR3452 ---- Plant proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit K Source.30: DFBPPR3506 ---- Plant proteins ---- Growth-regulating factor 12 Source.31: DFBPPR3555 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-related protein 8 Source.32: DFBPPR3712 ---- Plant proteins ---- Solute carrier family 40 member 2, chloroplastic Source.33: DFBPPR3803 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable trehalase Source.34: DFBPPR3878 ---- Plant proteins ---- Growth-regulating factor 10 Source.35: DFBPPR3967 ---- Plant proteins ---- Embryonic abundant protein 1 Source.36: DFBPPR4141 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 6 Source.37: DFBPPR4239 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable metal-nicotianamine transporter YSL10 Source.38: DFBPPR4264 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative 4-coumarate--CoA ligase-like 8 Source.39: DFBPPR4292 ---- Plant proteins ---- Double-stranded RNA-binding protein 3 Source.40: DFBPPR4293 ---- Plant proteins ---- Double-stranded RNA-binding protein 7 Source.41: DFBPPR4528 ---- Plant proteins ---- Rubisco accumulation factor 1, chloroplastic Source.42: DFBPPR4545 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubby-like F-box protein 12 Source.43: DFBPPR4845 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 48 Source.44: DFBPPR4848 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os02g0455800 Source.45: DFBPPR4918 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein kinase PINOID Source.46: DFBPPR4962 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein SLE2 Source.47: DFBPPR5010 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein SLE1 Source.48: DFBPPR5016 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein SLE3 Source.49: DFBPPR5082 ---- Plant proteins ---- Catalase-4 Source.50: DFBPPR5201 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable phytol kinase 1, chloroplastic Source.51: DFBPPR5399 ---- Plant proteins ---- Catalase isozyme 3 Source.52: DFBPPR5414 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transketolase, chloroplastic Source.53: DFBPPR5440 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adenylyltransferase and sulfurtransferase MOCS3-1 Source.54: DFBPPR5459 ---- Plant proteins ---- Adenylyltransferase and sulfurtransferase MOCS3-2 Source.55: DFBPPR5502 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-3 chain Source.56: DFBPPR5509 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-1 chain Source.57: DFBPPR5514 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-2 chain Source.58: DFBPPR5540 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-5 chain Source.59: DFBPPR5541 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-6 chain Source.60: DFBPPR5546 ---- Plant proteins ---- Thiamine thiazole synthase 1, chloroplastic Source.61: DFBPPR5556 ---- Plant proteins ---- Thiamine thiazole synthase 2, chloroplastic Source.62: DFBPPR5731 ---- Plant proteins ---- Rubisco accumulation factor 1, chloroplastic Source.63: DFBPPR5764 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cysteine proteinase 1 Source.64: DFBPPR5767 ---- Plant proteins ---- Teosinte glume architecture 1 Source.65: DFBPPR5906 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ras-related protein Rab-2-A Source.66: DFBPPR5940 ---- Plant proteins ---- Soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase Source.67: DFBPPR6010 ---- Plant proteins ---- Teosinte glume architecture 1 Source.68: DFBPPR6050 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 4U1 Source.69: DFBPPR6104 ---- Plant proteins ---- Late embryogenesis abundant protein EMB564 Source.70: DFBPPR6177 ---- Plant proteins ---- Unknown protein from spot 159 of 2D-PAGE of etiolated coleoptile Source.71: DFBPPR6284 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-1 chain Source.72: DFBPPR6701 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubulin alpha chain Source.73: DFBPPR6909 ---- Plant proteins ---- Em protein Source.74: DFBPPR6914 ---- Plant proteins ---- Em protein CS41 Source.75: DFBPPR6916 ---- Plant proteins ---- Em protein H5 Source.76: DFBPPR6917 ---- Plant proteins ---- Em protein H2 Source.77: DFBPPR7059 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-2 chain Source.78: DFBPPR7064 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-3 chain Source.79: DFBPPR7099 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-1 chain Source.80: DFBPPR7100 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alanine aminotransferase 2 Source.81: DFBPPR7125 ---- Plant proteins ---- Catalase isozyme 2 Source.82: DFBPPR7282 ---- Plant proteins ---- Late embryogenesis abundant protein B19.4 Source.83: DFBPPR7283 ---- Plant proteins ---- Late embryogenesis abundant protein B19.3 Source.84: DFBPPR7284 ---- Plant proteins ---- Late embryogenesis abundant protein B19.1A Source.85: DFBPPR7357 ---- Plant proteins ---- Late embryogenesis abundant protein B19.1B Source.86: DFBPPR7444 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cruciferin BnC2 Source.87: DFBPPR7445 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cruciferin CRU1 Source.88: DFBPPR7446 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cruciferin BnC1 Source.89: DFBPPR7621 ---- Milk proteins ---- Mucin-4 Source.90: DFBPPR7638 ---- Milk proteins ---- Tissue-type plasminogen activator Source.91: DFBPPR7731 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubulin alpha chain Source.92: DFBPPR8363 ---- Plant proteins ---- 13S globulin seed storage protein 1 Source.93: DFBPPR8365 ---- Plant proteins ---- 13S globulin seed storage protein 3 Source.94: DFBPPR8458 ---- Plant proteins ---- Catalase Source.95: DFBPPR15993 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter Source.96: DFBPPR16111 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit STT3A Source.97: DFBPPR16144 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tight junction protein ZO-3 Source.98: DFBPPR16297 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit Source.99: DFBPPR16338 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endothelin-2 Source.100: DFBPPR16340 ---- Animal proteins ---- B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain Source.101: DFBPPR16529 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carboxylesterase 5A Source.102: DFBPPR16668 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 22 Source.103: DFBPPR16815 ---- Animal proteins ---- Deoxyribonuclease-1 Source.104: DFBPPR16854 ---- Animal proteins ---- Toll-like receptor 6 Source.105: DFBPPR16973 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fatty acid synthase Source.106: DFBPPR17039 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 Source.107: DFBPPR17158 ---- Animal proteins ---- EH domain-containing protein 1 Source.108: DFBPPR17159 ---- Animal proteins ---- EH domain-containing protein 1 Source.109: DFBPPR17160 ---- Animal proteins ---- EH domain-containing protein 1 Source.110: DFBPPR17370 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bone morphogenetic protein 4 Source.111: DFBPPR17485 ---- Animal proteins ---- B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain Source.112: DFBPPR17626 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elastin Source.113: DFBPPR17794 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial Source.114: DFBPPR18309 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-4A chain Source.115: DFBPPR18522 ---- Animal proteins ---- POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 Source.116: DFBPPR18527 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-3 chain Source.117: DFBPPR18531 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-1C chain Source.118: DFBPPR18532 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-1D chain Source.119: DFBPPR18706 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit STT3A Source.120: DFBPPR18739 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bone morphogenetic protein 3 Source.121: DFBPPR18781 ---- Animal proteins ---- Exosome complex component RRP4 Source.122: DFBPPR18978 ---- Animal proteins ---- Membrane-bound transcription factor site-2 protease Source.123: DFBPPR19026 ---- Animal proteins ---- Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase ACSBG1 Source.124: DFBPPR19061 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA-binding protein 5 Source.125: DFBPPR19079 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha Source.126: DFBPPR19121 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor D1 Source.127: DFBPPR19240 ---- Animal proteins ---- Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit beta, mitochondrial Source.128: DFBPPR19307 ---- Animal proteins ---- Microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8 Source.129: DFBPPR19340 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator Source.130: DFBPPR19378 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA replication licensing factor MCM5 Source.131: DFBPPR19450 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit J Source.132: DFBPPR19479 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-complex protein 1 subunit zeta Source.133: DFBPPR19511 ---- Animal proteins ---- Citrate synthase, mitochondrial Source.134: DFBPPR19525 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tomoregulin-2 Source.135: DFBPPR19697 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter Source.136: DFBPPR19730 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tensin-1 Source.137: DFBPPR19823 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alanine aminotransferase 1 Source.138: DFBPPR19884 ---- Animal proteins ---- Activator of basal transcription 1 Source.139: DFBPPR19922 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-8 chain Source.140: DFBPPR19974 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolactin-releasing peptide receptor Source.141: DFBPPR20488 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gamma-soluble NSF attachment protein Source.142: DFBPPR20517 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA-binding protein 42 Source.143: DFBPPR20607 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spliceosome-associated protein CWC27 homolog Source.144: DFBPPR20706 ---- Animal proteins ---- Chloride channel CLIC-like protein 1 Source.145: DFBPPR20820 ---- Animal proteins ---- D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Source.146: DFBPPR20824 ---- Animal proteins ---- CD151 antigen Source.147: DFBPPR20929 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX11, mitochondrial Source.148: DFBPPR20937 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 25 Source.149: DFBPPR20985 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 131-like Source.150: DFBPPR21001 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-complex protein 1 subunit alpha Source.151: DFBPPR21229 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurexophilin-2 Source.152: DFBPPR21242 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tachykinin-3 Source.153: DFBPPR21277 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A2 Source.154: DFBPPR21665 ---- Animal proteins ---- Exocyst complex component 3-like protein Source.155: DFBPPR21666 ---- Animal proteins ---- Importin-13 Source.156: DFBPPR21949 ---- Animal proteins ---- ER membrane protein complex subunit 7 Source.157: DFBPPR21953 ---- Animal proteins ---- Clusterin-like protein 1 Source.158: DFBPPR22039 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-complex protein 1 subunit zeta-2 Source.159: DFBPPR22093 ---- Animal proteins ---- F-box only protein 3 Source.160: DFBPPR22259 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 1 Source.161: DFBPPR22366 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metallo-beta-lactamase domain-containing protein 1 Source.162: DFBPPR22454 ---- Animal proteins ---- R3H domain-containing protein 4 Source.163: DFBPPR8567 ---- Animal proteins ---- CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 Source.164: DFBPPR8571 ---- Animal proteins ---- Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial Source.165: DFBPPR8681 ---- Animal proteins ---- Toll-like receptor 9 Source.166: DFBPPR8782 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-1A chain Source.167: DFBPPR8790 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-1B chain Source.168: DFBPPR9066 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aminoacylase-1 Source.169: DFBPPR9226 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein GPR15L Source.170: DFBPPR9564 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2 Source.171: DFBPPR10085 ---- Animal proteins ---- N-fatty-acyl-amino acid synthase/hydrolase PM20D1 Source.172: DFBPPR10144 ---- Animal proteins ---- Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial Source.173: DFBPPR10153 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA replication ATP-dependent helicase/nuclease DNA2 Source.174: DFBPPR10173 ---- Animal proteins ---- Teneurin-1 Source.175: DFBPPR10488 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfite oxidase Source.176: DFBPPR10573 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuronal-glial cell adhesion molecule Source.177: DFBPPR10600 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-1 chain Source.178: DFBPPR10605 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elastin Source.179: DFBPPR10814 ---- Animal proteins ---- Citrate synthase, mitochondrial Source.180: DFBPPR11007 ---- Animal proteins ---- Anamorsin Source.181: DFBPPR11107 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein GLI1 Source.182: DFBPPR11144 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-4 chain Source.183: DFBPPR11154 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-3 chain Source.184: DFBPPR11547 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit J Source.185: DFBPPR12004 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 3a Source.186: DFBPPR12055 ---- Animal proteins ---- Importin-13 Source.187: DFBPPR12285 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase 2 Source.188: DFBPPR12806 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-complex protein 1 subunit zeta Source.189: DFBPPR13091 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cortactin-binding protein 2 Source.190: DFBPPR13143 ---- Animal proteins ---- Toll-like receptor 9 Source.191: DFBPPR13283 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Source.192: DFBPPR13629 ---- Animal proteins ---- Copper-transporting ATPase 2 Source.193: DFBPPR13676 ---- Animal proteins ---- Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic Source.194: DFBPPR13762 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carboxylesterase 5A Source.195: DFBPPR13828 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha Source.196: DFBPPR14234 ---- Marine protein ---- Tubulin alpha chain Source.197: DFBPPR14269 ---- Marine protein ---- Citrate synthase, mitochondrial Source.198: DFBPPR14571 ---- Marine protein ---- Tubulin alpha chain, testis-specific Source.199: DFBPPR14789 ---- Marine protein ---- Tubulin alpha-2 chain Source.200: DFBPPR14790 ---- Marine protein ---- Tubulin alpha-1 chain Source.201: DFBPPR14800 ---- Marine protein ---- Crustacyanin-A1 subunit Source.202: DFBPPR14804 ---- Marine protein ---- Crustacyanin-C1 subunit Source.203: DFBPPR14901 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Plasma membrane ATPase Source.204: DFBPPR15006 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Lysophospholipase NTE1 Source.205: DFBPPR15060 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Transaldolase Source.206: DFBPPR15174 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ATP-dependent rRNA helicase RRP3 Source.207: DFBPPR15314 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Probable metalloprotease ARX1 Source.208: DFBPPR15855 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 5-aminolevulinate synthase, mitochondrial Source.209: DFBPPR7788 ---- Plant protein ---- Thiamine thiazole synthase 1, chloroplastic Source.210: DFBPPR7789 ---- Plant protein ---- Thiamine thiazole synthase 2, chloroplastic Source.211: DFBPPR8333 ---- Plant protein ---- 10 kDa late embryogenesis abundant protein
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited hardly Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of > 4000 μM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)NCC(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Bovine neck ligament elastin was hydrolyzed with Thermolysin.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

It is important for industrial application and basic functional food science to obtain ACE inhibitory peptides from elastin.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Sato Y, Toyoda T, Shimizu-Ibuka A, Tamura T, Kobayashi-Hattori K, Nakamura T, Arai S, Mura K. Novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides found in a thermolysin-treated elastin with antihypertensive activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2012;76(7):1329-33. PMID: 22785481 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120083
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2012