Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1304(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1304
Peptide sequence	GIFE
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antioxidative activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gly-Ile-Phe-Glu

Single-letter amino acid

GIFE

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
462.52 Da	464.51 Da ^c

Net charge

-1

Isoelectric point (pI)

3.30

IC₅₀

3.00 ± 0.10 uM

pIC₅₀

-0.477

GRAVY

0.8500^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Palm kernel
Precursor protein	Palm kernel cake protein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0860 ---- Plant proteins ---- Soluble starch synthase 3a, chloroplastic/amyloplastic Source.2: DFBPPR1258 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 27 Source.3: DFBPPR1319 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 17 Source.4: DFBPPR1324 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 11 Source.5: DFBPPR1478 ---- Plant proteins ---- Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 2 Source.6: DFBPPR1739 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 2, chloroplastic Source.7: DFBPPR1830 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 3a Source.8: DFBPPR2064 ---- Plant proteins ---- Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 1 Source.9: DFBPPR2149 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable calcium-transporting ATPase 9, plasma membrane-type Source.10: DFBPPR2192 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable calcium-transporting ATPase 8, plasma membrane-type Source.11: DFBPPR3351 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP phosphoribosyltransferase, chloroplastic Source.12: DFBPPR3602 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coatomer subunit alpha-2 Source.13: DFBPPR3632 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 4 Source.14: DFBPPR3671 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 3 Source.15: DFBPPR3822 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coatomer subunit alpha-3 Source.16: DFBPPR3928 ---- Plant proteins ---- Coatomer subunit alpha-1 Source.17: DFBPPR3953 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 16 Source.18: DFBPPR4067 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-10C Source.19: DFBPPR4172 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dof zinc finger protein 4 Source.20: DFBPPR4910 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 10 Source.21: DFBPPR5239 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat shock 70 kDa protein Source.22: DFBPPR5970 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat shock 70 kDa protein Source.23: DFBPPR6216 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplastic Source.24: DFBPPR6634 ---- Plant proteins ---- Xylanase inhibitor protein 1 Source.25: DFBPPR7040 ---- Plant proteins ---- Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 1 Source.26: DFBPPR7614 ---- Milk proteins ---- Tenascin Source.27: DFBPPR16140 ---- Animal proteins ---- Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha Source.28: DFBPPR16182 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 Source.29: DFBPPR16844 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein Source.30: DFBPPR16899 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A Source.31: DFBPPR17125 ---- Animal proteins ---- Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short Source.32: DFBPPR17389 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phospholipid-transporting ATPase IB Source.33: DFBPPR17938 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase IA Source.34: DFBPPR18300 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1-like Source.35: DFBPPR18711 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein S100-G Source.36: DFBPPR18813 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 3, mitochondrial Source.37: DFBPPR19853 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2 Source.38: DFBPPR20228 ---- Animal proteins ---- Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 7 Source.39: DFBPPR20983 ---- Animal proteins ---- Plakophilin-3 Source.40: DFBPPR21646 ---- Animal proteins ---- HSPB1-associated protein 1 Source.41: DFBPPR22558 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 187 Source.42: DFBPPR22706 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C3orf38 homolog Source.43: DFBPPR8889 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hexokinase-2 Source.44: DFBPPR9155 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1-like Source.45: DFBPPR9217 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coagulation factor VIII Source.46: DFBPPR9434 ---- Animal proteins ---- Deubiquitinase DESI2 Source.47: DFBPPR10079 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock 70 kDa protein Source.48: DFBPPR10254 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein Source.49: DFBPPR10695 ---- Animal proteins ---- Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2-interacting protein 1 Source.50: DFBPPR10764 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX6 Source.51: DFBPPR10823 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 Source.52: DFBPPR11240 ---- Animal proteins ---- Deubiquitinase DESI2 Source.53: DFBPPR11541 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tetraspanin-12 Source.54: DFBPPR13168 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein Source.55: DFBPPR13172 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hexokinase-2 Source.56: DFBPPR13484 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2 Source.57: DFBPPR14268 ---- Marine protein ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-1 Source.58: DFBPPR14624 ---- Marine protein ---- Heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein Source.59: DFBPPR14795 ---- Marine protein ---- Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha Source.60: DFBPPR14930 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 27 Source.61: DFBPPR14956 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHH1 Source.62: DFBPPR15173 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ATP-dependent DNA helicase CHL1 Source.63: DFBPPR15263 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Transcriptional regulator PUL4 Source.64: DFBPPR15580 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Oligosaccharide translocation protein RFT1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited strong Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 3.00 ± 0.10 uM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Palm kernel cake proteins was hydrolyzed with Papain.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The peptide has the potential as ingredients in functional foods and nutraceuticals.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANOX1014
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0311

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Zarei, M., Forghani, B., Ebrahimpour, A., Abdul-Hamid, A., Anwar, F., Saari, N. In vitro and in vivo antihypertensive activity of palm kernel cake protein hydrolysates: Sequencing and characterization of potent bioactive peptides. Industrial Crops and Products. 2015, 76, 112-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.06.040
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2015