Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1307(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1307
Peptide sequence	WAF
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antioxidative activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Trp-Ala-Phe

Single-letter amino acid

WAF

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
422.48 Da	422.48 Da ^c

Net charge

Isoelectric point (pI)

6.01

IC₅₀

170 ± 5.78 uM

pIC₅₀

-2.23

GRAVY

1.2333^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Palm kernel
Precursor protein	Palm kernel cake protein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0961 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase Source.2: DFBPPR1003 ---- Plant proteins ---- Soluble starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic Source.3: DFBPPR1436 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET14 Source.4: DFBPPR1441 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cysteine protease 1 Source.5: DFBPPR1475 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamate receptor 3.1 Source.6: DFBPPR1520 ---- Plant proteins ---- Very-long-chain aldehyde decarbonylase GL1-3 Source.7: DFBPPR1532 ---- Plant proteins ---- Senescence-specific cysteine protease SAG39 Source.8: DFBPPR1534 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-fructofuranosidase, insoluble isoenzyme 5 Source.9: DFBPPR1535 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.10: DFBPPR1704 ---- Plant proteins ---- RNA-binding protein Y14B Source.11: DFBPPR1960 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable mixed-linked glucan synthase 6 Source.12: DFBPPR2103 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable 3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase Source.13: DFBPPR2132 ---- Plant proteins ---- Oryzain beta chain Source.14: DFBPPR2200 ---- Plant proteins ---- COBRA-like protein 5 Source.15: DFBPPR2268 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase 7 Source.16: DFBPPR2317 ---- Plant proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor isoform 4E-2 Source.17: DFBPPR2360 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 3, chloroplastic Source.18: DFBPPR2364 ---- Plant proteins ---- Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta Source.19: DFBPPR2428 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET13 Source.20: DFBPPR2443 ---- Plant proteins ---- Oryzain alpha chain Source.21: DFBPPR2470 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein disulfide isomerase-like 2-2 Source.22: DFBPPR2485 ---- Plant proteins ---- SKP1-like protein 1 Source.23: DFBPPR2486 ---- Plant proteins ---- BTB/POZ domain and ankyrin repeat-containing protein NPR2 Source.24: DFBPPR2509 ---- Plant proteins ---- Magnesium transporter MRS2-A, chloroplastic Source.25: DFBPPR2599 ---- Plant proteins ---- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1-1 Source.26: DFBPPR2648 ---- Plant proteins ---- SKP1-like protein 20 Source.27: DFBPPR2683 ---- Plant proteins ---- Exonuclease 1 Source.28: DFBPPR2749 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET15 Source.29: DFBPPR2767 ---- Plant proteins ---- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1-2 Source.30: DFBPPR2789 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.31: DFBPPR2803 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase 5 Source.32: DFBPPR2842 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase 6 Source.33: DFBPPR2867 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase 1 Source.34: DFBPPR2904 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tryptamine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase 2 Source.35: DFBPPR2921 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase 3 Source.36: DFBPPR2956 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tryptamine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase 1 Source.37: DFBPPR2971 ---- Plant proteins ---- COBRA-like protein 3 Source.38: DFBPPR2982 ---- Plant proteins ---- SKP1-like protein 5 Source.39: DFBPPR3030 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ammonium transporter 1 member 3 Source.40: DFBPPR3126 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tryptamine benzoyltransferase 1 Source.41: DFBPPR3140 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 51 Source.42: DFBPPR3161 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin PIP2-4 Source.43: DFBPPR3165 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin PIP2-5 Source.44: DFBPPR3171 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase Source.45: DFBPPR3204 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase 2 Source.46: DFBPPR3210 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ammonium transporter 1 member 2 Source.47: DFBPPR3228 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aquaporin PIP2-1 Source.48: DFBPPR3255 ---- Plant proteins ---- COBRA-like protein 6 Source.49: DFBPPR3281 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ammonium transporter 1 member 1 Source.50: DFBPPR3302 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-A21 Source.51: DFBPPR3313 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein NINJA homolog 1 Source.52: DFBPPR3327 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase 9 Source.53: DFBPPR3356 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aquaporin PIP2-6 Source.54: DFBPPR3399 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase 4 Source.55: DFBPPR3433 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase 3 Source.56: DFBPPR3509 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tryptamine benzoyltransferase 2 Source.57: DFBPPR3520 ---- Plant proteins ---- COBRA-like protein 1 Source.58: DFBPPR3536 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative auxin transporter-like protein 4 Source.59: DFBPPR3540 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin transporter-like protein 2 Source.60: DFBPPR3555 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-related protein 8 Source.61: DFBPPR3569 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable protein phosphatase 2C 58 Source.62: DFBPPR3606 ---- Plant proteins ---- COBRA-like protein 7 Source.63: DFBPPR3610 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin transporter-like protein 1 Source.64: DFBPPR3715 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin transporter-like protein 3 Source.65: DFBPPR3726 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aquaporin PIP2-2 Source.66: DFBPPR3736 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aquaporin PIP2-3 Source.67: DFBPPR3742 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c biogenesis protein CcsA Source.68: DFBPPR3752 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase 7 Source.69: DFBPPR3767 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase 8 Source.70: DFBPPR3874 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor PCF3 Source.71: DFBPPR3895 ---- Plant proteins ---- COBRA-like protein 2 Source.72: DFBPPR3943 ---- Plant proteins ---- RNA pseudouridine synthase 7 Source.73: DFBPPR3989 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable carboxylesterase Os04g0669500 Source.74: DFBPPR4029 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative multidrug resistance protein Source.75: DFBPPR4036 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aquaporin PIP2-8 Source.76: DFBPPR4258 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable metal-nicotianamine transporter YSL11 Source.77: DFBPPR4366 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 12 Source.78: DFBPPR4447 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable metal-nicotianamine transporter YSL1 Source.79: DFBPPR4464 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 4B4 Source.80: DFBPPR4565 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 5B1 Source.81: DFBPPR4589 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S3, mitochondrial Source.82: DFBPPR4628 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable inactive carboxylesterase Os04g0669700 Source.83: DFBPPR4633 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os07g0183700 Source.84: DFBPPR4822 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TAB2 homolog, chloroplastic Source.85: DFBPPR4895 ---- Plant proteins ---- Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7, chloroplastic Source.86: DFBPPR4920 ---- Plant proteins ---- RNA-binding protein Y14A Source.87: DFBPPR4942 ---- Plant proteins ---- NADP-dependent malic enzyme, chloroplastic Source.88: DFBPPR4997 ---- Plant proteins ---- P34 probable thiol protease Source.89: DFBPPR5011 ---- Plant proteins ---- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1A Source.90: DFBPPR5042 ---- Plant proteins ---- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1B Source.91: DFBPPR5047 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.92: DFBPPR5076 ---- Plant proteins ---- Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 1 Source.93: DFBPPR5096 ---- Plant proteins ---- Isocitrate lyase 2 Source.94: DFBPPR5148 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 3, chloroplastic Source.95: DFBPPR5174 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.96: DFBPPR5195 ---- Plant proteins ---- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1C Source.97: DFBPPR5288 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c biogenesis protein CcsA Source.98: DFBPPR5464 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alpha-copaene synthase Source.99: DFBPPR5468 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin PIP2-5 Source.100: DFBPPR5511 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin PIP2-1 Source.101: DFBPPR5563 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.102: DFBPPR5657 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 88A1 Source.103: DFBPPR5673 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin PIP1-6 Source.104: DFBPPR5732 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin PIP2-4 Source.105: DFBPPR5759 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TAB2 homolog, chloroplastic Source.106: DFBPPR5814 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.107: DFBPPR5903 ---- Plant proteins ---- Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta Source.108: DFBPPR5943 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin PIP2-3 Source.109: DFBPPR5969 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin PIP2-2 Source.110: DFBPPR5971 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin PIP2-6 Source.111: DFBPPR5984 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin PIP2-7 Source.112: DFBPPR6016 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c biogenesis protein CcsA Source.113: DFBPPR6118 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S3, mitochondrial Source.114: DFBPPR6125 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cell number regulator 3 Source.115: DFBPPR6153 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ninja-family protein 8 Source.116: DFBPPR6154 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ninja-family protein 7 Source.117: DFBPPR6216 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplastic Source.118: DFBPPR6243 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 215, chloroplastic Source.119: DFBPPR6274 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.120: DFBPPR6396 ---- Plant proteins ---- Hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase NOD3 Source.121: DFBPPR6475 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aquaporin PIP-type 7a Source.122: DFBPPR6504 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cysteine proteinase 15A Source.123: DFBPPR6541 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c biogenesis protein CcsA Source.124: DFBPPR6689 ---- Plant proteins ---- Fructan 1-exohydrolase w1 Source.125: DFBPPR6696 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.126: DFBPPR6715 ---- Plant proteins ---- Fructan 1-exohydrolase w3 Source.127: DFBPPR6720 ---- Plant proteins ---- Fructan 1-exohydrolase w2 Source.128: DFBPPR6763 ---- Plant proteins ---- Starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic Source.129: DFBPPR6778 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 Source.130: DFBPPR6831 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.131: DFBPPR6919 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c biogenesis protein CcsA Source.132: DFBPPR7034 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 2, chloroplastic Source.133: DFBPPR7065 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.134: DFBPPR7080 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase 1 Source.135: DFBPPR7187 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.136: DFBPPR7230 ---- Plant proteins ---- Fructan 1-exohydrolase Source.137: DFBPPR7241 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cysteine proteinase EP-B 2 Source.138: DFBPPR7249 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cysteine proteinase EP-B 1 Source.139: DFBPPR7298 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome c biogenesis protein CcsA Source.140: DFBPPR7428 ---- Plant proteins ---- Isocitrate lyase Source.141: DFBPPR7490 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cysteine proteinase COT44 Source.142: DFBPPR7651 ---- Milk proteins ---- Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor Source.143: DFBPPR8191 ---- Plant proteins ---- L-ascorbate oxidase Source.144: DFBPPR8195 ---- Plant proteins ---- Isocitrate lyase Source.145: DFBPPR8372 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chlorophyll a-b binding protein, chloroplastic Source.146: DFBPPR8392 ---- Plant proteins ---- 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase B Source.147: DFBPPR8430 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.148: DFBPPR8493 ---- Milk proteins ---- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 Source.149: DFBPPR15933 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gastric triacylglycerol lipase Source.150: DFBPPR15996 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 Source.151: DFBPPR16055 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B Source.152: DFBPPR16142 ---- Animal proteins ---- Procathepsin L Source.153: DFBPPR16218 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor Source.154: DFBPPR16219 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha Source.155: DFBPPR16247 ---- Animal proteins ---- Recoverin Source.156: DFBPPR16280 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vasopressin V2 receptor Source.157: DFBPPR16303 ---- Animal proteins ---- Type I iodothyronine deiodinase Source.158: DFBPPR16304 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin K Source.159: DFBPPR16485 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin S Source.160: DFBPPR16514 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 6 homolog Source.161: DFBPPR16529 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carboxylesterase 5A Source.162: DFBPPR16555 ---- Animal proteins ---- Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 Source.163: DFBPPR16810 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin B Source.164: DFBPPR16864 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein AMBP Source.165: DFBPPR16894 ---- Animal proteins ---- Procathepsin L Source.166: DFBPPR16946 ---- Animal proteins ---- Recoverin Source.167: DFBPPR16987 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aggrecan core protein Source.168: DFBPPR16997 ---- Animal proteins ---- Electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 Source.169: DFBPPR17043 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C beta type Source.170: DFBPPR17048 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial Source.171: DFBPPR17094 ---- Animal proteins ---- Activin receptor type-1 Source.172: DFBPPR17095 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hyaluronidase-1 Source.173: DFBPPR17166 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1 Source.174: DFBPPR17195 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor for retinol uptake STRA6 Source.175: DFBPPR17256 ---- Animal proteins ---- X-box-binding protein 1 Source.176: DFBPPR17264 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin-specific chaperone D Source.177: DFBPPR17284 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 Source.178: DFBPPR17339 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pre-mRNA-processing factor 19 Source.179: DFBPPR17423 ---- Animal proteins ---- Furin Source.180: DFBPPR17444 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1 Source.181: DFBPPR17450 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 Source.182: DFBPPR17595 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 Source.183: DFBPPR17830 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vasopressin V2 receptor Source.184: DFBPPR17843 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33B Source.185: DFBPPR17858 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calsenilin Source.186: DFBPPR17906 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor Source.187: DFBPPR17945 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinol dehydrogenase 10 Source.188: DFBPPR17996 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase Source.189: DFBPPR18066 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA nucleotidylexotransferase Source.190: DFBPPR18077 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gastric triacylglycerol lipase Source.191: DFBPPR18085 ---- Animal proteins ---- Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 Source.192: DFBPPR18115 ---- Animal proteins ---- Short-wave-sensitive opsin 1 Source.193: DFBPPR18167 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin thioesterase ZRANB1 Source.194: DFBPPR18244 ---- Animal proteins ---- Oviduct-specific glycoprotein Source.195: DFBPPR18263 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurocalcin-delta Source.196: DFBPPR18270 ---- Animal proteins ---- Synaptojanin-2-binding protein Source.197: DFBPPR18466 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 Source.198: DFBPPR18476 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein O-linked-mannose beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 Source.199: DFBPPR18602 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aquaporin-3 Source.200: DFBPPR18715 ---- Animal proteins ---- Choline transporter-like protein 4 Source.201: DFBPPR18757 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mevalonate kinase Source.202: DFBPPR18962 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 Source.203: DFBPPR19036 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation factor 2 Source.204: DFBPPR19121 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor D1 Source.205: DFBPPR19168 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment protein 3 Source.206: DFBPPR19217 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pre-mRNA-processing factor 6 Source.207: DFBPPR19289 ---- Animal proteins ---- Somatostatin receptor type 5 Source.208: DFBPPR19344 ---- Animal proteins ---- Regulator of G-protein signaling 9 Source.209: DFBPPR19361 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinol dehydrogenase 14 Source.210: DFBPPR19373 ---- Animal proteins ---- 116 kDa U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein component Source.211: DFBPPR19568 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuron-specific calcium-binding protein hippocalcin Source.212: DFBPPR19569 ---- Animal proteins ---- Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 Source.213: DFBPPR19589 ---- Animal proteins ---- 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 Source.214: DFBPPR19809 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hippocalcin-like protein 4 Source.215: DFBPPR19884 ---- Animal proteins ---- Activator of basal transcription 1 Source.216: DFBPPR20106 ---- Animal proteins ---- Visinin-like protein 1 Source.217: DFBPPR20119 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin L2 Source.218: DFBPPR20220 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endosome/lysosome-associated apoptosis and autophagy regulator family member 2 Source.219: DFBPPR20443 ---- Animal proteins ---- Putative phospholipase B-like 2 Source.220: DFBPPR20465 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hippocalcin-like protein 1 Source.221: DFBPPR20574 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 201 Source.222: DFBPPR20624 ---- Animal proteins ---- SUN domain-containing protein 3 Source.223: DFBPPR20626 ---- Animal proteins ---- Melanocortin receptor 5 Source.224: DFBPPR20658 ---- Animal proteins ---- G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member C Source.225: DFBPPR20694 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1 Source.226: DFBPPR20801 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable G-protein coupled receptor 171 Source.227: DFBPPR20829 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phospholipid phosphatase 6 Source.228: DFBPPR20939 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kv channel-interacting protein 4 Source.229: DFBPPR21027 ---- Animal proteins ---- Germ cell-specific gene 1 protein Source.230: DFBPPR21109 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal cobalamin transport escort protein LMBD1 Source.231: DFBPPR21136 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor Source.232: DFBPPR21192 ---- Animal proteins ---- Oxidation resistance protein 1 Source.233: DFBPPR21216 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 9 Source.234: DFBPPR21235 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 231 Source.235: DFBPPR21280 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen Source.236: DFBPPR21344 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gap junction gamma-3 protein Source.237: DFBPPR21473 ---- Animal proteins ---- TRPM8 channel-associated factor 1 Source.238: DFBPPR21504 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribonuclease P protein subunit p40 Source.239: DFBPPR21741 ---- Animal proteins ---- Meiotic nuclear division protein 1 homolog Source.240: DFBPPR21812 ---- Animal proteins ---- Reticulon-4-interacting protein 1, mitochondrial Source.241: DFBPPR21949 ---- Animal proteins ---- ER membrane protein complex subunit 7 Source.242: DFBPPR21971 ---- Animal proteins ---- Chemokine-like protein TAFA-5 Source.243: DFBPPR22047 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD repeat-containing protein 6 Source.244: DFBPPR22057 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fatty acid desaturase 6 Source.245: DFBPPR22068 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein GPR108 Source.246: DFBPPR22195 ---- Animal proteins ---- Homeobox protein DBX2 Source.247: DFBPPR22359 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sorting nexin-29 Source.248: DFBPPR22381 ---- Animal proteins ---- F-box only protein 39 Source.249: DFBPPR8553 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein AMBP Source.250: DFBPPR8569 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.251: DFBPPR8661 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 Source.252: DFBPPR8726 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine-protein kinase ATM Source.253: DFBPPR8745 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hyaluronidase-1 Source.254: DFBPPR8838 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin K Source.255: DFBPPR9027 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 1 Source.256: DFBPPR9116 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin B Source.257: DFBPPR9164 ---- Animal proteins ---- Oviduct-specific glycoprotein Source.258: DFBPPR9169 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aggrecan core protein Source.259: DFBPPR9214 ---- Animal proteins ---- Choline transporter-like protein 4 Source.260: DFBPPR9220 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor Source.261: DFBPPR9269 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 Source.262: DFBPPR9276 ---- Animal proteins ---- Type I iodothyronine deiodinase Source.263: DFBPPR9310 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vasopressin V2 receptor Source.264: DFBPPR9410 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acyl-CoA desaturase Source.265: DFBPPR9411 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acyl-CoA desaturase Source.266: DFBPPR9412 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acyl-CoA desaturase Source.267: DFBPPR9420 ---- Animal proteins ---- B1 bradykinin receptor Source.268: DFBPPR9494 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuron-specific calcium-binding protein hippocalcin Source.269: DFBPPR9567 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aquaporin-3 Source.270: DFBPPR9576 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysoplasmalogenase Source.271: DFBPPR9680 ---- Animal proteins ---- Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 Source.272: DFBPPR9694 ---- Animal proteins ---- Membrane progestin receptor beta Source.273: DFBPPR9764 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cationic amino acid transporter 2 Source.274: DFBPPR9883 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hippocalcin-like protein 1 Source.275: DFBPPR10078 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 Source.276: DFBPPR10091 ---- Animal proteins ---- Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 Source.277: DFBPPR10147 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS Source.278: DFBPPR10155 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cationic amino acid transporter 2 Source.279: DFBPPR10189 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sonic hedgehog protein Source.280: DFBPPR10269 ---- Animal proteins ---- Activin receptor type-1 Source.281: DFBPPR10337 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-tectorin Source.282: DFBPPR10390 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein sidekick-1 Source.283: DFBPPR10397 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor TYRO3 Source.284: DFBPPR10414 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pre-mRNA-processing factor 19 Source.285: DFBPPR10429 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 Source.286: DFBPPR10491 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuronal calcium sensor 1 Source.287: DFBPPR10617 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 Source.288: DFBPPR10622 ---- Animal proteins ---- Violet-sensitive opsin Source.289: DFBPPR10634 ---- Animal proteins ---- Procathepsin L Source.290: DFBPPR10671 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 65 Source.291: DFBPPR10743 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 1 Source.292: DFBPPR10747 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin B Source.293: DFBPPR10887 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 Source.294: DFBPPR10928 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 28 Source.295: DFBPPR10941 ---- Animal proteins ---- Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1 Source.296: DFBPPR10980 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation factor 2 Source.297: DFBPPR10997 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin-specific chaperone D Source.298: DFBPPR11038 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytosolic endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase Source.299: DFBPPR11084 ---- Animal proteins ---- Magnesium transporter protein 1 Source.300: DFBPPR11142 ---- Animal proteins ---- Type I iodothyronine deiodinase Source.301: DFBPPR11231 ---- Animal proteins ---- 116 kDa U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein component Source.302: DFBPPR11287 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 Source.303: DFBPPR11454 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 Source.304: DFBPPR11523 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myb-related protein A Source.305: DFBPPR11660 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin K Source.306: DFBPPR11667 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heme transporter HRG1 Source.307: DFBPPR11715 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hippocalcin-like protein 1 Source.308: DFBPPR11723 ---- Animal proteins ---- Visinin Source.309: DFBPPR11754 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurocalcin-delta Source.310: DFBPPR11843 ---- Animal proteins ---- Visinin-like protein 1 Source.311: DFBPPR11960 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal cobalamin transport escort protein LMBD1 Source.312: DFBPPR12277 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 Source.313: DFBPPR12281 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.314: DFBPPR12301 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C beta type Source.315: DFBPPR12316 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 Source.316: DFBPPR12374 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sortilin-related receptor Source.317: DFBPPR12392 ---- Animal proteins ---- Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 Source.318: DFBPPR12404 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor Source.319: DFBPPR12428 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha Source.320: DFBPPR12458 ---- Animal proteins ---- Electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 Source.321: DFBPPR12507 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin K Source.322: DFBPPR12837 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tissue factor pathway inhibitor Source.323: DFBPPR12838 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 Source.324: DFBPPR12840 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor Source.325: DFBPPR12864 ---- Animal proteins ---- Type I iodothyronine deiodinase Source.326: DFBPPR12987 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1 Source.327: DFBPPR13190 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha Source.328: DFBPPR13286 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor Source.329: DFBPPR13304 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 Source.330: DFBPPR13478 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor Source.331: DFBPPR13601 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin B Source.332: DFBPPR13646 ---- Animal proteins ---- Procathepsin L Source.333: DFBPPR13675 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 Source.334: DFBPPR13703 ---- Animal proteins ---- Oviduct-specific glycoprotein Source.335: DFBPPR13762 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carboxylesterase 5A Source.336: DFBPPR13826 ---- Animal proteins ---- Translocator protein Source.337: DFBPPR13855 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor Source.338: DFBPPR13891 ---- Animal proteins ---- Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 Source.339: DFBPPR13892 ---- Animal proteins ---- Melanocortin receptor 5 Source.340: DFBPPR13933 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor Source.341: DFBPPR13944 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hippocalcin-like protein 1 Source.342: DFBPPR14015 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 Source.343: DFBPPR14119 ---- Marine protein ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 Source.344: DFBPPR14122 ---- Marine protein ---- Galactocerebrosidase Source.345: DFBPPR14331 ---- Marine protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.346: DFBPPR14338 ---- Marine protein ---- Photosystem II D2 protein Source.347: DFBPPR14370 ---- Marine protein ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'' Source.348: DFBPPR14532 ---- Marine protein ---- Uncharacterized protein ORF621 Source.349: DFBPPR14627 ---- Marine protein ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 Source.350: DFBPPR14813 ---- Marine protein ---- Digestive cysteine proteinase 1 Source.351: DFBPPR14816 ---- Marine protein ---- Digestive cysteine proteinase 3 Source.352: DFBPPR14819 ---- Marine protein ---- Digestive cysteine proteinase 2 Source.353: DFBPPR14983 ---- Microorganism protein ---- PAN2-PAN3 deadenylation complex subunit PAN3 Source.354: DFBPPR15116 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase Source.355: DFBPPR15117 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase DBP10 Source.356: DFBPPR15232 ---- Microorganism protein ---- U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 10 Source.357: DFBPPR15296 ---- Microorganism protein ---- High-affinity glucose transporter Source.358: DFBPPR15329 ---- Microorganism protein ---- GPI mannosyltransferase 2 Source.359: DFBPPR15335 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 18 Source.360: DFBPPR15351 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protein transport protein SEC31 Source.361: DFBPPR15373 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protoheme IX farnesyltransferase, mitochondrial Source.362: DFBPPR15391 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Metacaspase-1 Source.363: DFBPPR15454 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Beta-galactosidase Source.364: DFBPPR15483 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Elongation factor 2 Source.365: DFBPPR15598 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 54S ribosomal protein L4, mitochondrial Source.366: DFBPPR15752 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protein HRI1 Source.367: DFBPPR15804 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Thymidylate synthase Source.368: DFBPPR7772 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.369: DFBPPR7787 ---- Plant protein ---- Fatty acid desaturase DES3 Source.370: DFBPPR7796 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.371: DFBPPR7855 ---- Plant protein ---- Probable fatty acid desaturase DES1 Source.372: DFBPPR7877 ---- Plant protein ---- Cytochrome c biogenesis protein CcsA Source.373: DFBPPR7945 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.374: DFBPPR7946 ---- Plant protein ---- Aquaporin PIP1.1 Source.375: DFBPPR7992 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.376: DFBPPR8029 ---- Plant protein ---- Vignain Source.377: DFBPPR8044 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.378: DFBPPR8086 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.379: DFBPPR8087 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 3, chloroplastic Source.380: DFBPPR8146 ---- Plant protein ---- Cytochrome c biogenesis protein CcsA Source.381: DFBPPR8218 ---- Plant protein ---- Germacrene A acid 8-beta-hydroxylase Source.382: DFBPPR8224 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.383: DFBPPR8250 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic Source.384: DFBPPR8255 ---- Plant protein ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 3, chloroplastic Source.385: DFBPPR8263 ---- Plant protein ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'' Source.386: DFBPPR8316 ---- Plant protein ---- Cytochrome c biogenesis protein CcsA
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited moderate Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 170 ± 5.78 uM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Palm kernel cake proteins was hydrolyzed with Papain.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The peptide has the potential as ingredients in functional foods and nutraceuticals.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANOX1021
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0314

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Zarei, M., Forghani, B., Ebrahimpour, A., Abdul-Hamid, A., Anwar, F., Saari, N. In vitro and in vivo antihypertensive activity of palm kernel cake protein hydrolysates: Sequencing and characterization of potent bioactive peptides. Industrial Crops and Products. 2015, 76, 112-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.06.040
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2015