Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1474(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1474
Peptide sequence	VGINY
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Val-Gly-Ile-Asn-Tyr

Single-letter amino acid

VGINY

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
565.0 Da	564.64 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.92 ^c

IC₅₀

534 ug/mL (mixed)

pIC₅₀

-2.728

GRAVY

0.7000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

60%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Whey protein
Precursor protein	α-Lactalbumin
Residue position	f(99-103)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR7685 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.2: DFBPPR7697 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.3: DFBPPR7711 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.4: DFBPPR7720 ---- Plant proteins ---- Avenacosidase 1 Source.5: DFBPPR7724 ---- Plant proteins ---- Avenacosidase 2 Source.6: DFBPPR8490 ---- Milk proteins ---- Alpha-lactalbumin Source.7: DFBPPR18309 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-4A chain Source.8: DFBPPR18527 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-3 chain Source.9: DFBPPR18531 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-1C chain Source.10: DFBPPR18532 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-1D chain Source.11: DFBPPR19922 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-8 chain Source.12: DFBPPR8782 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-1A chain Source.13: DFBPPR8790 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-1B chain Source.14: DFBPPR10600 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-1 chain Source.15: DFBPPR10881 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-5 chain Source.16: DFBPPR10977 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-2 chain Source.17: DFBPPR11144 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-4 chain Source.18: DFBPPR11154 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tubulin alpha-3 chain Source.19: DFBPPR11838 ---- Animal proteins ---- Enhancer of mRNA-decapping protein 3 Source.20: DFBPPR14234 ---- Marine protein ---- Tubulin alpha chain Source.21: DFBPPR14571 ---- Marine protein ---- Tubulin alpha chain, testis-specific Source.22: DFBPPR14788 ---- Marine protein ---- Tubulin alpha-3 chain Source.23: DFBPPR14789 ---- Marine protein ---- Tubulin alpha-2 chain Source.24: DFBPPR14790 ---- Marine protein ---- Tubulin alpha-1 chain
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide mixture (VAGTW, VGINY and KAL) exhibited low Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 534 ug/mL, so the peptide VGINY can be a potentail ACE-inhibitory peptide.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The bovine whey protein α-lactalbumin was hydrolysed with pepsin, then trypsin and chymotrypsin.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Pihlanto-Leppälä A, Koskinen P, Piilola K, Tupasela T, Korhonen H. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory properties of whey protein digests: concentration and characterization of active peptides. J Dairy Res. 2000 Feb;67(1):53-64. PMID: 10717843 DOI: 10.1017/S0022029999003982
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2000