Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1517(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1517
Peptide sequence	IAPG
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antihypertensive activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ile-Ala-Pro-Gly

Single-letter amino acid

IAPG

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	356.41 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

11.4 μM

pIC₅₀

-1.057

GRAVY

1.0750^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Microalgae
Organism/Source	Spirulina platensis
Precursor protein	Spirulina platensis powder hydrolysates
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0845 ---- Plant proteins ---- Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-1 subunit Source.2: DFBPPR1325 ---- Plant proteins ---- FT-interacting protein 7 Source.3: DFBPPR1435 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II 22 kDa protein 1, chloroplastic Source.4: DFBPPR1805 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1, chloroplastic Source.5: DFBPPR1835 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-15 Source.6: DFBPPR1843 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-13 Source.7: DFBPPR1867 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-21 Source.8: DFBPPR1882 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-12 Source.9: DFBPPR1884 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative laccase-1 Source.10: DFBPPR1894 ---- Plant proteins ---- Clathrin heavy chain 1 Source.11: DFBPPR1896 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-8 Source.12: DFBPPR1898 ---- Plant proteins ---- Clathrin heavy chain 2 Source.13: DFBPPR2009 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-14 Source.14: DFBPPR2013 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-6 Source.15: DFBPPR2036 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative laccase-16 Source.16: DFBPPR2040 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-3 Source.17: DFBPPR2082 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative laccase-9 Source.18: DFBPPR2104 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 3 Source.19: DFBPPR2264 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 3 homolog 1 Source.20: DFBPPR2322 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 3 homolog 2 Source.21: DFBPPR2959 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase BSL2 homolog Source.22: DFBPPR3092 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 12 Source.23: DFBPPR3141 ---- Plant proteins ---- Multicopper oxidase LPR1 homolog 1 Source.24: DFBPPR3266 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein MOR1 Source.25: DFBPPR4234 ---- Plant proteins ---- 4-coumarate--CoA ligase-like 3 Source.26: DFBPPR4594 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable calcium-binding protein CML21 Source.27: DFBPPR5702 ---- Plant proteins ---- 1-Cys peroxiredoxin PER1 Source.28: DFBPPR6484 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 97B1, chloroplastic Source.29: DFBPPR6782 ---- Plant proteins ---- 1-Cys peroxiredoxin PER1 Source.30: DFBPPR7049 ---- Plant proteins ---- 1-Cys peroxiredoxin PER1 Source.31: DFBPPR16031 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit Source.32: DFBPPR16035 ---- Animal proteins ---- Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor Source.33: DFBPPR16060 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C delta type Source.34: DFBPPR16181 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase A Source.35: DFBPPR16203 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1 Source.36: DFBPPR16461 ---- Animal proteins ---- InaD-like protein Source.37: DFBPPR17121 ---- Animal proteins ---- 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 Source.38: DFBPPR17823 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 Source.39: DFBPPR17832 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A Source.40: DFBPPR17887 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC Source.41: DFBPPR18417 ---- Animal proteins ---- Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor Source.42: DFBPPR18554 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arylsulfatase A Source.43: DFBPPR20092 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 2, mitochondrial Source.44: DFBPPR20361 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cation channel sperm-associated protein subunit delta Source.45: DFBPPR20515 ---- Animal proteins ---- EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation 2 Source.46: DFBPPR20531 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myozenin-2 Source.47: DFBPPR20694 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1 Source.48: DFBPPR20849 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spermatid perinuclear RNA-binding protein Source.49: DFBPPR21544 ---- Animal proteins ---- General transcription factor IIE subunit 2 Source.50: DFBPPR21651 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dynactin subunit 6 Source.51: DFBPPR21758 ---- Animal proteins ---- Submaxillary mucin-like protein Source.52: DFBPPR22739 ---- Animal proteins ---- Testis, prostate and placenta-expressed protein Source.53: DFBPPR8764 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A Source.54: DFBPPR8923 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cubilin Source.55: DFBPPR9564 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2 Source.56: DFBPPR10050 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protocadherin-15 Source.57: DFBPPR10263 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ephrin type-B receptor 3 Source.58: DFBPPR10282 ---- Animal proteins ---- Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs Source.59: DFBPPR10411 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit Source.60: DFBPPR10626 ---- Animal proteins ---- Class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain Source.61: DFBPPR10671 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 65 Source.62: DFBPPR11007 ---- Animal proteins ---- Anamorsin Source.63: DFBPPR11374 ---- Animal proteins ---- Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 3 Source.64: DFBPPR11607 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 2B Source.65: DFBPPR11937 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bromodomain-containing protein 7 Source.66: DFBPPR12428 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha Source.67: DFBPPR12668 ---- Animal proteins ---- Anion exchange protein 3 Source.68: DFBPPR12987 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1 Source.69: DFBPPR14386 ---- Marine protein ---- R-phycoerythrin beta chain Source.70: DFBPPR14407 ---- Marine protein ---- Allophycocyanin alpha-B chain Source.71: DFBPPR15028 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Iron-sulfur clusters transporter ATM1, mitochondrial Source.72: DFBPPR15059 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Iron transport multicopper oxidase FET3
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 11.4 uM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)NCC(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Spirulina platensis powder was hydrolyzed with Pepsin.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANHY0449
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0418

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Suetsuna K, Chen JR. Identification of antihypertensive peptides from peptic digest of two microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis. Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2001 Jul;3(4):305-9. PMID: 14961345 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-001-0012-7
Other literature(s)	[1] Murray, B.A. and R.J. FitzGerald, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from food proteins: biochemistry, bioactivity and production. Curr Pharm Des, 2007. 13(8): p. 773-91.
PubDate	2001