Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1571(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1571
Peptide sequence	GDAP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gly-Asp-Ala-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

GDAP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
359.1 Da	358.34 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

3.13 ^c

IC₅₀

22.5 μM

pIC₅₀

-1.352

GRAVY

-0.9250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal, Marine, Fish
Organism/Source	Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis)
Precursor protein	Cuttlefish muscle protein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0997 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tricin synthase 1 Source.2: DFBPPR1147 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter C family member 13 Source.3: DFBPPR1369 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 1 [UDP-forming] Source.4: DFBPPR1418 ---- Plant proteins ---- SCARECROW-LIKE protein 7 Source.5: DFBPPR1489 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein SUBSTANDARD STARCH GRAIN 4, chloroplastic Source.6: DFBPPR1837 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-transporting ATPase 3, plasma membrane-type Source.7: DFBPPR2151 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-A 3 Source.8: DFBPPR2292 ---- Plant proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Source.9: DFBPPR2315 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase SPINDLY Source.10: DFBPPR2424 ---- Plant proteins ---- CMP-sialic acid transporter 1 Source.11: DFBPPR2461 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-B 1 Source.12: DFBPPR2553 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable signal recognition particle 43 kDa protein, chloroplastic Source.13: DFBPPR2609 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 15 Source.14: DFBPPR2648 ---- Plant proteins ---- SKP1-like protein 20 Source.15: DFBPPR2767 ---- Plant proteins ---- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1-2 Source.16: DFBPPR3318 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.4 Source.17: DFBPPR3341 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcriptional adapter ADA2 Source.18: DFBPPR3358 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-B 4 Source.19: DFBPPR3489 ---- Plant proteins ---- Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase-B Source.20: DFBPPR3491 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aminotransferase ALD1 homolog Source.21: DFBPPR3576 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transport inhibitor response 1-like protein Os11g0515500 Source.22: DFBPPR3613 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor PCF6 Source.23: DFBPPR3666 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-B 5 Source.24: DFBPPR4006 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutaredoxin-C7 Source.25: DFBPPR4063 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 2 Source.26: DFBPPR4162 ---- Plant proteins ---- Potassium transporter 6 Source.27: DFBPPR4193 ---- Plant proteins ---- Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase, mitochondrial Source.28: DFBPPR4256 ---- Plant proteins ---- Copper transporter 4 Source.29: DFBPPR4260 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase 2 Source.30: DFBPPR4365 ---- Plant proteins ---- Formin-like protein 10 Source.31: DFBPPR4588 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 65 Source.32: DFBPPR4695 ---- Plant proteins ---- SNW/SKI-interacting protein B Source.33: DFBPPR4909 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 26 Source.34: DFBPPR4923 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 25 Source.35: DFBPPR5020 ---- Plant proteins ---- Basic 7S globulin Source.36: DFBPPR5140 ---- Plant proteins ---- Basic 7S globulin 2 Source.37: DFBPPR5173 ---- Plant proteins ---- Stem 31 kDa glycoprotein Source.38: DFBPPR5522 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter C family MRP4 Source.39: DFBPPR5557 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein OPAQUE10 Source.40: DFBPPR6156 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ninja-family protein 1 Source.41: DFBPPR6244 ---- Plant proteins ---- Carbonic anhydrase, chloroplastic Source.42: DFBPPR6321 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur subunit, chloroplastic Source.43: DFBPPR7733 ---- Plant proteins ---- 12S seed storage globulin 2 Source.44: DFBPPR7734 ---- Plant proteins ---- 12S seed storage globulin 1 Source.45: DFBPPR8493 ---- Milk proteins ---- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 Source.46: DFBPPR16128 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cubilin Source.47: DFBPPR16187 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dual serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase Source.48: DFBPPR16720 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tudor domain-containing protein 5 Source.49: DFBPPR17047 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuromodulin Source.50: DFBPPR17875 ---- Animal proteins ---- Brain acid soluble protein 1 Source.51: DFBPPR17900 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 Source.52: DFBPPR18051 ---- Animal proteins ---- MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 Source.53: DFBPPR18061 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 Source.54: DFBPPR18418 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 6 Source.55: DFBPPR18789 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-3 Source.56: DFBPPR19103 ---- Animal proteins ---- U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70 kDa Source.57: DFBPPR19250 ---- Animal proteins ---- Brevican core protein Source.58: DFBPPR19775 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 2U1 Source.59: DFBPPR19792 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cleavage stimulation factor subunit 2 Source.60: DFBPPR19870 ---- Animal proteins ---- CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta Source.61: DFBPPR19890 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein N-terminal glutamine amidohydrolase Source.62: DFBPPR20100 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sideroflexin-1 Source.63: DFBPPR20274 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phospholipase A1 member A Source.64: DFBPPR20505 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-box transcription factor TBX6 Source.65: DFBPPR20582 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog Source.66: DFBPPR21290 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metaxin-1 Source.67: DFBPPR21503 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sideroflexin-3 Source.68: DFBPPR22073 ---- Animal proteins ---- C2 calcium-dependent domain-containing protein 4A Source.69: DFBPPR22231 ---- Animal proteins ---- DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 12 Source.70: DFBPPR22341 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger HIT domain-containing protein 2 Source.71: DFBPPR22382 ---- Animal proteins ---- 40S ribosomal protein S25 Source.72: DFBPPR22417 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spermatogenesis-associated protein 46 Source.73: DFBPPR8664 ---- Animal proteins ---- Liver carboxylesterase Source.74: DFBPPR8923 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cubilin Source.75: DFBPPR9524 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sideroflexin-1 Source.76: DFBPPR9584 ---- Animal proteins ---- FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 3 Source.77: DFBPPR9736 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metaxin-1 Source.78: DFBPPR9986 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aggrecan core protein Source.79: DFBPPR9995 ---- Animal proteins ---- Melanocyte protein PMEL Source.80: DFBPPR10004 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spastin Source.81: DFBPPR10005 ---- Animal proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Source.82: DFBPPR10207 ---- Animal proteins ---- Paralemmin-1 Source.83: DFBPPR10236 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acid-sensing ion channel 1 Source.84: DFBPPR11012 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 6 Source.85: DFBPPR11593 ---- Animal proteins ---- Syndetin Source.86: DFBPPR11910 ---- Animal proteins ---- 2-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)histidine synthase subunit 2 Source.87: DFBPPR12212 ---- Animal proteins ---- GTPase-activating Rap/Ran-GAP domain-like protein 3 Source.88: DFBPPR12604 ---- Animal proteins ---- MARCKS-related protein Source.89: DFBPPR12616 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 Source.90: DFBPPR12617 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 Source.91: DFBPPR12751 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 Source.92: DFBPPR13196 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 Source.93: DFBPPR13603 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 Source.94: DFBPPR13886 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sideroflexin-1 Source.95: DFBPPR13917 ---- Animal proteins ---- CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta Source.96: DFBPPR13977 ---- Animal proteins ---- 40S ribosomal protein S25 Source.97: DFBPPR14612 ---- Marine protein ---- Complement component C9 Source.98: DFBPPR14882 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase subunit beta Source.99: DFBPPR14989 ---- Microorganism protein ---- cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit Source.100: DFBPPR15858 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase Source.101: DFBPPR8108 ---- Plant protein ---- Pathogenesis-related protein 1 Source.102: DFBPPR8150 ---- Plant protein ---- Pathogenesis-related protein 2 Source.103: DFBPPR8229 ---- Plant protein ---- Delta(8)-fatty-acid desaturase Source.104: DFBPPR8234 ---- Plant protein ---- Anther-specific protein SF18
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 22.5 uM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The peptides were isolated from the hydrolysate obtained by treatment with crude protease extract from Bacillus mojavensis A21.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Cuttlefish muscle is a promising protein source for the production of ACE inhibitory peptides that could be utilized to develop functional foods for prevention of hypertension.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Balti, R., Nedjar-Arroume, N., Adje, E.Y., Guillochon, D., Nasri, M. Analysis of novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from enzymatic hydrolysates of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) muscle proteins. J Agric Food Chem. 2010, 58, 3840-6. DOI: 10.1021/jf904300q
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2010