Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1595(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1595
Peptide sequence	LNPA
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Leu-Asn-Pro-Ala

Single-letter amino acid

LNPA

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	413.46 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

312 μM

pIC₅₀

-2.494

GRAVY

0.1250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Maize protein
Precursor protein	α-Zein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0887 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein NARROW LEAF 1 Source.2: DFBPPR0888 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein NARROW LEAF 1 Source.3: DFBPPR1012 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-7D, chloroplastic Source.4: DFBPPR1179 ---- Plant proteins ---- Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit 1, mitochondrial Source.5: DFBPPR1320 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase, chloroplastic Source.6: DFBPPR1670 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable beta-1,4-xylosyltransferase GT43A Source.7: DFBPPR1728 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAC domain-containing protein 74 Source.8: DFBPPR2465 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alcohol dehydrogenase 2 Source.9: DFBPPR2539 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aldehyde oxidase 1 Source.10: DFBPPR2637 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 8 Source.11: DFBPPR2843 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aldehyde oxidase 2 Source.12: DFBPPR2927 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aldehyde oxidase 3 Source.13: DFBPPR3130 ---- Plant proteins ---- COP9 signalosome complex subunit 6 Source.14: DFBPPR3462 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aquaporin TIP2-1 Source.15: DFBPPR3474 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAC domain-containing protein 76 Source.16: DFBPPR3604 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin NIP1-3 Source.17: DFBPPR3821 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-7G Source.18: DFBPPR3881 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XBOS31 Source.19: DFBPPR3957 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aquaporin TIP4-2 Source.20: DFBPPR4147 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aquaporin TIP4-1 Source.21: DFBPPR4156 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin NIP3-3 Source.22: DFBPPR4161 ---- Plant proteins ---- Plant intracellular Ras-group-related LRR protein 1 Source.23: DFBPPR4219 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin NIP3-2 Source.24: DFBPPR4220 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin NIP1-4 Source.25: DFBPPR4742 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative aldehyde oxidase-like protein Source.26: DFBPPR5136 ---- Plant proteins ---- UDP-glycosyltransferase 79A6 Source.27: DFBPPR5322 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inactive UDP-glycosyltransferase 79A6 Source.28: DFBPPR5378 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1 Source.29: DFBPPR5400 ---- Plant proteins ---- Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase Source.30: DFBPPR5568 ---- Plant proteins ---- Microtubule-binding protein TANGLED1 Source.31: DFBPPR5579 ---- Plant proteins ---- Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase Source.32: DFBPPR5730 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin TIP2-3 Source.33: DFBPPR5918 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin TIP2-1 Source.34: DFBPPR5938 ---- Plant proteins ---- WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3A Source.35: DFBPPR5947 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin TIP2-2 Source.36: DFBPPR5952 ---- Plant proteins ---- WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3B Source.37: DFBPPR5979 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin TIP4-2 Source.38: DFBPPR5983 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin TIP4-1 Source.39: DFBPPR6037 ---- Plant proteins ---- 19 kDa alpha-zein 19C2 Source.40: DFBPPR6093 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha 19C1 Source.41: DFBPPR6095 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha A20 Source.42: DFBPPR6101 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha M6 Source.43: DFBPPR7079 ---- Plant proteins ---- Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester [oxidative] cyclase, chloroplastic Source.44: DFBPPR7153 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 Source.45: DFBPPR7155 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alcohol dehydrogenase 2 Source.46: DFBPPR7430 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nitrate reductase [NADH], clone PBNBR1412 Source.47: DFBPPR7450 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1 Source.48: DFBPPR7603 ---- Milk proteins ---- Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase Source.49: DFBPPR8498 ---- Milk proteins ---- Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase Source.50: DFBPPR15964 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aquaporin-1 Source.51: DFBPPR16039 ---- Animal proteins ---- Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein homolog Source.52: DFBPPR16095 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-7 Source.53: DFBPPR16445 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2 Source.54: DFBPPR16488 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coagulation factor VIII Source.55: DFBPPR16781 ---- Animal proteins ---- L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain Source.56: DFBPPR16979 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aquaporin-1 Source.57: DFBPPR17018 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bifunctional arginine demethylase and lysyl-hydroxylase JMJD6 Source.58: DFBPPR17415 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1 Source.59: DFBPPR17540 ---- Animal proteins ---- Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein homolog Source.60: DFBPPR17693 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial Source.61: DFBPPR17853 ---- Animal proteins ---- [F-actin]-monooxygenase MICAL3 Source.62: DFBPPR18059 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin thioesterase OTU1 Source.63: DFBPPR18461 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutamine--tRNA ligase Source.64: DFBPPR18602 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aquaporin-3 Source.65: DFBPPR18608 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX30 Source.66: DFBPPR18772 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-7 Source.67: DFBPPR18951 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA excision repair protein ERCC-8 Source.68: DFBPPR18994 ---- Animal proteins ---- Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 3 homolog Source.69: DFBPPR19060 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIF2B Source.70: DFBPPR19069 ---- Animal proteins ---- Small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha Source.71: DFBPPR19214 ---- Animal proteins ---- N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase Source.72: DFBPPR20157 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hydroxyproline dehydrogenase Source.73: DFBPPR20443 ---- Animal proteins ---- Putative phospholipase B-like 2 Source.74: DFBPPR20460 ---- Animal proteins ---- Monocarboxylate transporter 1 Source.75: DFBPPR20973 ---- Animal proteins ---- Growth-regulated protein homolog gamma Source.76: DFBPPR21075 ---- Animal proteins ---- Constitutive coactivator of PPAR-gamma-like protein 1 Source.77: DFBPPR21297 ---- Animal proteins ---- 39S ribosomal protein L30, mitochondrial Source.78: DFBPPR21336 ---- Animal proteins ---- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 Source.79: DFBPPR21837 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein 750 Source.80: DFBPPR21921 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP-5 complex subunit beta-1 Source.81: DFBPPR21946 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein 414 Source.82: DFBPPR22196 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bladder cancer-associated protein Source.83: DFBPPR22362 ---- Animal proteins ---- Decreased expression in renal and prostate cancer protein Source.84: DFBPPR22606 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD repeat-containing protein 53 Source.85: DFBPPR8728 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aquaporin-1 Source.86: DFBPPR9197 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-7 Source.87: DFBPPR9277 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor 1 C-type Source.88: DFBPPR9465 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pro-epidermal growth factor Source.89: DFBPPR9567 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aquaporin-3 Source.90: DFBPPR9651 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bestrophin-1 Source.91: DFBPPR9897 ---- Animal proteins ---- Negative elongation factor D Source.92: DFBPPR9986 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aggrecan core protein Source.93: DFBPPR9989 ---- Animal proteins ---- VIP peptides Source.94: DFBPPR10124 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 Source.95: DFBPPR10215 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 1 Source.96: DFBPPR10310 ---- Animal proteins ---- Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase Source.97: DFBPPR10422 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(XII) chain Source.98: DFBPPR10425 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fanconi anemia group J protein homolog Source.99: DFBPPR10847 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein patched homolog 1 Source.100: DFBPPR11065 ---- Animal proteins ---- L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain Source.101: DFBPPR11157 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein transport protein Sec31A Source.102: DFBPPR11204 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein Hook homolog 1 Source.103: DFBPPR11221 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger homeobox protein 4 Source.104: DFBPPR12280 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 Source.105: DFBPPR12297 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinal dehydrogenase 1 Source.106: DFBPPR12504 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagenase 3 Source.107: DFBPPR12681 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-7 Source.108: DFBPPR13205 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagenase 3 Source.109: DFBPPR13239 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell surface antigen CD2 Source.110: DFBPPR13291 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-7 Source.111: DFBPPR13335 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha Source.112: DFBPPR13587 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aquaporin-1 Source.113: DFBPPR13847 ---- Animal proteins ---- Growth-regulated alpha protein Source.114: DFBPPR14155 ---- Marine protein ---- ATP synthase protein 8 Source.115: DFBPPR14651 ---- Marine protein ---- ATP synthase protein 8 Source.116: DFBPPR14669 ---- Marine protein ---- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9-I Source.117: DFBPPR14892 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-4 specific Source.118: DFBPPR15319 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Glucose transport transcription regulator RGT1 Source.119: DFBPPR15526 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Telomere replication protein EST3 Source.120: DFBPPR15621 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Spore membrane assembly protein 2 Source.121: DFBPPR15700 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Transcription factor NRM1 Source.122: DFBPPR8213 ---- Plant protein ---- Alpha-copaene synthase
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited moderate Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 312 uM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)N)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Urea-denatured α-zein was almost completely hydrolyzed into small peptides by digestion with 1/100 (w/w) of thermolysin at 37 ℃ for 3h.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Power, O., Fernández, A., Norris, R., Riera, F.A., FitzGerald, R.J. Selective enrichment of bioactive properties during ultrafiltration of a tryptic digest of β-lactoglobulin. Journal of Functional Foods. 2014, 9, 38-47. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.002
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2014