Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1783(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1783
Peptide sequence	QIGP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gln-Ile-Gly-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

QIGP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	413.47 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

194.80 ± 1.69 μM

pIC₅₀

-2.29

GRAVY

-0.2500^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Porcine skin gelatin
Precursor protein	Porcine collagen
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1668 ---- Plant proteins ---- Heat stress transcription factor A-2b Source.2: DFBPPR2295 ---- Plant proteins ---- DnaJ protein ERDJ3B Source.3: DFBPPR2401 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-4C Source.4: DFBPPR2594 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein HAPLESS 2-A Source.5: DFBPPR3549 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1-3 Source.6: DFBPPR4042 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cation transporter HKT9 Source.7: DFBPPR8375 ---- Plant proteins ---- Psoralen synthase Source.8: DFBPPR15934 ---- Animal proteins ---- Apolipoprotein A-I Source.9: DFBPPR16056 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase Source.10: DFBPPR16720 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tudor domain-containing protein 5 Source.11: DFBPPR17074 ---- Animal proteins ---- Group 3 secretory phospholipase A2 Source.12: DFBPPR17350 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA mismatch repair protein Msh2 Source.13: DFBPPR17507 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 Source.14: DFBPPR17524 ---- Animal proteins ---- DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 1 Source.15: DFBPPR17684 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase Source.16: DFBPPR18737 ---- Animal proteins ---- Centrosomal protein of 120 kDa Source.17: DFBPPR20169 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytoplasmic dynein 2 light intermediate chain 1 Source.18: DFBPPR21339 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger protein 692 Source.19: DFBPPR22092 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kelch-like protein 36 Source.20: DFBPPR8801 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutamine synthetase Source.21: DFBPPR8980 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 Source.22: DFBPPR13641 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 Source.23: DFBPPR14128 ---- Marine protein ---- F-box/LRR-repeat protein 15
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 194.80 ± 1.69 μM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	No prediction can be made about the peptide bitterness. ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Porcine skin gelatin was hydrolysed with Aspergillus niger prolyl endoproteinase (An-PEP) to produce an hydrolysate with potent ACE inhibitory activity (mean IC₅₀: 220.2 mg/mL) after 4-h hydrolysis.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Oral administration (50 mg/kg body weight) of the porcine skin gelatin hydrolysate to spontaneously hypertensive rats resulted in decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 28.89 ± 5.11 and 22.86 ± 5.65 mm Hg, respectively. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were also reduced (25.99 ± 5.66 mm Hg and 53.63 ± 17.67 bpm, respectively).
Aspergillus niger prolyl endoproteinase (An-PEP) hydrolysates of gelatin could be used to develop functional food or nutraceutical products to combat hypertension and its related conditions.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	O'Keeffe, M.B., Norris, R., Alashi, M.A., Aluko, R.E., FitzGerald, R.J. Peptide identification in a porcine gelatin prolyl endoproteinase hydrolysate with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and hypotensive activity. Journal of Functional Foods. 2017, 34, 77-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.018
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2017