Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1819(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1819
Peptide sequence	TTW
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Antihypertensive activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Thr-Thr-Trp

Single-letter amino acid

TTW

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
406 Da	406.44 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

0.61 ± 0.12 μM

pIC₅₀

0.215

GRAVY

-0.7667^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

33.33%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris)
Precursor protein	Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 (P56341)
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1007 ---- Plant proteins ---- Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZ1 Source.2: DFBPPR1019 ---- Plant proteins ---- Respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein B Source.3: DFBPPR1440 ---- Plant proteins ---- Brassinosteroid LRR receptor kinase BRL2 Source.4: DFBPPR1527 ---- Plant proteins ---- Receptor homology region, transmembrane domain- and RING domain-containing protein 1 Source.5: DFBPPR1532 ---- Plant proteins ---- Senescence-specific cysteine protease SAG39 Source.6: DFBPPR1535 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.7: DFBPPR1598 ---- Plant proteins ---- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, chloroplastic Source.8: DFBPPR1662 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable allantoate deiminase Source.9: DFBPPR1666 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cysteine--tRNA ligase CPS1 homolog, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.10: DFBPPR1838 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aminopeptidase M1-C Source.11: DFBPPR1853 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-4 Source.12: DFBPPR1855 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aminopeptidase M1-B Source.13: DFBPPR1856 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aminopeptidase M1-D Source.14: DFBPPR1908 ---- Plant proteins ---- Proteasome subunit alpha type-1 Source.15: DFBPPR1963 ---- Plant proteins ---- Potassium channel AKT1 Source.16: DFBPPR2037 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-10 Source.17: DFBPPR2074 ---- Plant proteins ---- Potassium transporter 7 Source.18: DFBPPR2264 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 3 homolog 1 Source.19: DFBPPR2424 ---- Plant proteins ---- CMP-sialic acid transporter 1 Source.20: DFBPPR2431 ---- Plant proteins ---- Stearoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] 9-desaturase 5, chloroplastic Source.21: DFBPPR2747 ---- Plant proteins ---- Metal tolerance protein 7 Source.22: DFBPPR2757 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucuronosyltransferase Os01g0157700 Source.23: DFBPPR2918 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inorganic phosphate transporter 1-11 Source.24: DFBPPR3193 ---- Plant proteins ---- Potassium channel AKT3 Source.25: DFBPPR3284 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta Source.26: DFBPPR3509 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tryptamine benzoyltransferase 2 Source.27: DFBPPR3571 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable inorganic phosphate transporter 1-8 Source.28: DFBPPR3724 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cation transporter HKT7 Source.29: DFBPPR4138 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os04g0676600 Source.30: DFBPPR4368 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aldo-keto reductase 1 Source.31: DFBPPR4489 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein NLP1 Source.32: DFBPPR4523 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aldo-keto reductase 2 Source.33: DFBPPR4544 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tubby-like F-box protein 7 Source.34: DFBPPR4581 ---- Plant proteins ---- LIMR family protein Os06g0128200 Source.35: DFBPPR4616 ---- Plant proteins ---- BURP domain-containing protein 4 Source.36: DFBPPR4677 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative protein Brevis radix-like 3 Source.37: DFBPPR4731 ---- Plant proteins ---- B3 domain-containing protein Os07g0183300/Os07g0183600 Source.38: DFBPPR4900 ---- Plant proteins ---- Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase CLF Source.39: DFBPPR4952 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative B3 domain-containing protein Os04g0676650 Source.40: DFBPPR5047 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.41: DFBPPR5057 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calnexin homolog Source.42: DFBPPR5236 ---- Plant proteins ---- Vacuolar-processing enzyme Source.43: DFBPPR5329 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 2A2 Source.44: DFBPPR5386 ---- Plant proteins ---- (S)-beta-macrocarpene synthase Source.45: DFBPPR5388 ---- Plant proteins ---- (S)-beta-macrocarpene synthase Source.46: DFBPPR5462 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cysteine--tRNA ligase CPS1, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.47: DFBPPR5563 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.48: DFBPPR5709 ---- Plant proteins ---- indolin-2-one monooxygenase Source.49: DFBPPR5768 ---- Plant proteins ---- NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase chain 4, chloroplastic Source.50: DFBPPR5818 ---- Plant proteins ---- Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZ2 Source.51: DFBPPR5897 ---- Plant proteins ---- Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZ1 Source.52: DFBPPR5904 ---- Plant proteins ---- Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZ3 Source.53: DFBPPR6240 ---- Plant proteins ---- Stromal processing peptidase, chloroplastic Source.54: DFBPPR6274 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.55: DFBPPR6302 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calnexin homolog Source.56: DFBPPR6487 ---- Plant proteins ---- Basic helix-loop-helix protein A Source.57: DFBPPR6669 ---- Plant proteins ---- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, chloroplastic Source.58: DFBPPR6696 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.59: DFBPPR7065 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.60: DFBPPR7621 ---- Milk proteins ---- Mucin-4 Source.61: DFBPPR7628 ---- Milk proteins ---- Complement C4-A Source.62: DFBPPR15941 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 Source.63: DFBPPR15942 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit STT3B Source.64: DFBPPR15943 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 Source.65: DFBPPR15966 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.66: DFBPPR16007 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myocilin Source.67: DFBPPR16111 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit STT3A Source.68: DFBPPR16197 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.69: DFBPPR16248 ---- Animal proteins ---- Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein homolog Source.70: DFBPPR16267 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ras-related protein Rab-2A Source.71: DFBPPR16317 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 1B member 1 Source.72: DFBPPR16318 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 1B member 1 Source.73: DFBPPR16480 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 Source.74: DFBPPR16541 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.75: DFBPPR16563 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-16 Source.76: DFBPPR16590 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arylsulfatase K Source.77: DFBPPR16597 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cholecystokinin receptor type A Source.78: DFBPPR16739 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lengsin Source.79: DFBPPR16810 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin B Source.80: DFBPPR16854 ---- Animal proteins ---- Toll-like receptor 6 Source.81: DFBPPR16914 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phospholipase A2 group XV Source.82: DFBPPR17040 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myocilin Source.83: DFBPPR17205 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial Source.84: DFBPPR17207 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial Source.85: DFBPPR17260 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 Source.86: DFBPPR17351 ---- Animal proteins ---- Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 Source.87: DFBPPR17407 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1 Source.88: DFBPPR17450 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 Source.89: DFBPPR17451 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.90: DFBPPR17539 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase A Source.91: DFBPPR18180 ---- Animal proteins ---- [F-actin]-monooxygenase MICAL2 Source.92: DFBPPR18222 ---- Animal proteins ---- Xylosyltransferase 2 Source.93: DFBPPR18439 ---- Animal proteins ---- Retinol dehydrogenase 12 Source.94: DFBPPR18476 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein O-linked-mannose beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 Source.95: DFBPPR18574 ---- Animal proteins ---- Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 Source.96: DFBPPR18706 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit STT3A Source.97: DFBPPR18742 ---- Animal proteins ---- Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II Source.98: DFBPPR18751 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 Source.99: DFBPPR18786 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bis(5'-adenosyl)-triphosphatase ENPP4 Source.100: DFBPPR18806 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pseudouridylate synthase 7 homolog Source.101: DFBPPR18808 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 Source.102: DFBPPR18814 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfotransferase 1A1 Source.103: DFBPPR18828 ---- Animal proteins ---- Follitropin subunit beta Source.104: DFBPPR18880 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein Jade-1 Source.105: DFBPPR18922 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein O-linked-mannose beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 Source.106: DFBPPR18924 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2 Source.107: DFBPPR18948 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL1 Source.108: DFBPPR18959 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galactose mutarotase Source.109: DFBPPR19104 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 Source.110: DFBPPR19111 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 Source.111: DFBPPR19289 ---- Animal proteins ---- Somatostatin receptor type 5 Source.112: DFBPPR19434 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon alpha-B Source.113: DFBPPR19515 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein strawberry notch homolog 2 Source.114: DFBPPR19612 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Source.115: DFBPPR19788 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 1B member 1 Source.116: DFBPPR19825 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA excision repair protein ERCC-6-like 2 Source.117: DFBPPR19961 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfate transporter Source.118: DFBPPR19991 ---- Animal proteins ---- F-box/LRR-repeat protein 5 Source.119: DFBPPR20069 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle Source.120: DFBPPR20201 ---- Animal proteins ---- PDZ and LIM domain protein 7 Source.121: DFBPPR20396 ---- Animal proteins ---- Claudin-5 Source.122: DFBPPR20659 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystinosin Source.123: DFBPPR20661 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3 Source.124: DFBPPR20670 ---- Animal proteins ---- Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 4 Source.125: DFBPPR20850 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arylsulfatase K Source.126: DFBPPR20895 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 22 member 16 Source.127: DFBPPR21002 ---- Animal proteins ---- Olfactomedin-like protein 2B Source.128: DFBPPR21022 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane 4 L6 family member 5 Source.129: DFBPPR21055 ---- Animal proteins ---- 39S ribosomal protein L37, mitochondrial Source.130: DFBPPR21172 ---- Animal proteins ---- G-protein coupled receptor 52 Source.131: DFBPPR21277 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A2 Source.132: DFBPPR21387 ---- Animal proteins ---- Surfeit locus protein 4 Source.133: DFBPPR21587 ---- Animal proteins ---- Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein homolog Source.134: DFBPPR21645 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasome activator complex subunit 1 Source.135: DFBPPR21708 ---- Animal proteins ---- Single-stranded DNA-binding protein, mitochondrial Source.136: DFBPPR21759 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2D Source.137: DFBPPR21767 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tudor domain-containing protein 5 Source.138: DFBPPR21785 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spermatogenesis-associated protein 19, mitochondrial Source.139: DFBPPR21953 ---- Animal proteins ---- Clusterin-like protein 1 Source.140: DFBPPR21959 ---- Animal proteins ---- DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 16 Source.141: DFBPPR22502 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 46 Source.142: DFBPPR22528 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 251 Source.143: DFBPPR22637 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 61 Source.144: DFBPPR22682 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM216A Source.145: DFBPPR22733 ---- Animal proteins ---- Armadillo-like helical domain containing protein 1 Source.146: DFBPPR8550 ---- Animal proteins ---- Complement C3 Source.147: DFBPPR8569 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.148: DFBPPR8599 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha Source.149: DFBPPR8601 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 Source.150: DFBPPR8751 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.151: DFBPPR8797 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta Source.152: DFBPPR8986 ---- Animal proteins ---- LIM domain and actin-binding protein 1 Source.153: DFBPPR9116 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin B Source.154: DFBPPR9189 ---- Animal proteins ---- Follitropin subunit beta Source.155: DFBPPR9335 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galactose mutarotase Source.156: DFBPPR9370 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2 Source.157: DFBPPR9378 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ammonium transporter Rh type C Source.158: DFBPPR9587 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.159: DFBPPR9655 ---- Animal proteins ---- A-kinase anchor protein 10, mitochondrial Source.160: DFBPPR9832 ---- Animal proteins ---- Olfactomedin-like protein 2A Source.161: DFBPPR9897 ---- Animal proteins ---- Negative elongation factor D Source.162: DFBPPR9916 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasome activator complex subunit 1 Source.163: DFBPPR9943 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 251 Source.164: DFBPPR9962 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic Source.165: DFBPPR10128 ---- Animal proteins ---- Focal adhesion kinase 1 Source.166: DFBPPR10296 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mucin-5B Source.167: DFBPPR10314 ---- Animal proteins ---- Angiotensin-converting enzyme Source.168: DFBPPR10397 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor TYRO3 Source.169: DFBPPR10409 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein Source.170: DFBPPR10436 ---- Animal proteins ---- CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 Source.171: DFBPPR10459 ---- Animal proteins ---- Reelin Source.172: DFBPPR10717 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 Source.173: DFBPPR10724 ---- Animal proteins ---- Insulin-induced gene 1 protein Source.174: DFBPPR10807 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dystrophin Source.175: DFBPPR10904 ---- Animal proteins ---- Signal transducing adapter molecule 2 Source.176: DFBPPR10905 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable G-protein coupled receptor 149 Source.177: DFBPPR10935 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein O-linked-mannose beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 Source.178: DFBPPR11018 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcriptional coactivator YAP1 Source.179: DFBPPR11038 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytosolic endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase Source.180: DFBPPR11195 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 Source.181: DFBPPR11196 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2 Source.182: DFBPPR11217 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 Source.183: DFBPPR11361 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase Source.184: DFBPPR11366 ---- Animal proteins ---- Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 Source.185: DFBPPR11374 ---- Animal proteins ---- Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 3 Source.186: DFBPPR11488 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ras-related protein Rab-2A Source.187: DFBPPR11502 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor GATA-4 Source.188: DFBPPR11530 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A4 Source.189: DFBPPR11589 ---- Animal proteins ---- Epithelial cell adhesion molecule Source.190: DFBPPR11615 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 1B member 1 Source.191: DFBPPR11709 ---- Animal proteins ---- Xin actin-binding repeat-containing protein 1 Source.192: DFBPPR11898 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory subunit 3 Source.193: DFBPPR12190 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 251 Source.194: DFBPPR12281 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.195: DFBPPR12299 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myocilin Source.196: DFBPPR12311 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.197: DFBPPR12362 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 Source.198: DFBPPR12365 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sucrase-isomaltase, intestinal Source.199: DFBPPR12409 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle Source.200: DFBPPR12503 ---- Animal proteins ---- L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain Source.201: DFBPPR12626 ---- Animal proteins ---- E-selectin Source.202: DFBPPR12767 ---- Animal proteins ---- Follitropin subunit beta Source.203: DFBPPR12803 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfotransferase 1C2 Source.204: DFBPPR12909 ---- Animal proteins ---- Antimicrobial protein CAP18 Source.205: DFBPPR12991 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2D Source.206: DFBPPR12997 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3 Source.207: DFBPPR13005 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.208: DFBPPR13061 ---- Animal proteins ---- Single-stranded DNA-binding protein, mitochondrial Source.209: DFBPPR13100 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lengsin Source.210: DFBPPR13164 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.211: DFBPPR13190 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha Source.212: DFBPPR13221 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha Source.213: DFBPPR13228 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 Source.214: DFBPPR13329 ---- Animal proteins ---- Follitropin subunit beta Source.215: DFBPPR13340 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfate transporter Source.216: DFBPPR13354 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.217: DFBPPR13501 ---- Animal proteins ---- Follitropin subunit beta Source.218: DFBPPR13591 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Source.219: DFBPPR13601 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathepsin B Source.220: DFBPPR13790 ---- Animal proteins ---- Follitropin subunit beta Source.221: DFBPPR13904 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfate transporter Source.222: DFBPPR13936 ---- Animal proteins ---- Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein homolog Source.223: DFBPPR14026 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 2 Source.224: DFBPPR14150 ---- Marine protein ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.225: DFBPPR14331 ---- Marine protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.226: DFBPPR14454 ---- Marine protein ---- Cytochrome c biogenesis protein Ccs1 Source.227: DFBPPR14550 ---- Marine protein ---- Complement C3 Source.228: DFBPPR14657 ---- Marine protein ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.229: DFBPPR14754 ---- Marine protein ---- Clotting factor C Source.230: DFBPPR14969 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 15 Source.231: DFBPPR15021 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 Source.232: DFBPPR15137 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase Source.233: DFBPPR15143 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Low-affinity glucose transporter Source.234: DFBPPR15251 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Golgi apparatus membrane protein TVP38 Source.235: DFBPPR15266 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase Source.236: DFBPPR15274 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase DBP7 Source.237: DFBPPR15300 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Vacuolar protein-sorting protein BRO1 Source.238: DFBPPR15574 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protein PXR1 Source.239: DFBPPR15633 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Bud site selection protein 4 Source.240: DFBPPR15650 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mating-type protein ALPHA3 Source.241: DFBPPR15854 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Polyphenol oxidase 1 Source.242: DFBPPR15871 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Aldehyde dehydrogenase Source.243: DFBPPR7772 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.244: DFBPPR7992 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.245: DFBPPR8044 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.246: DFBPPR8096 ---- Plant protein ---- Erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin Source.247: DFBPPR8174 ---- Plant protein ---- 60 kDa cell wall protein Source.248: DFBPPR8224 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	(1) The peptide exhibited very strong Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 0.61 ± 0.12 μM, and its ACE inhibitory pattern was shown by Lineweaver–Burk plots to be a non-competitive inhibition pattern (K_i = 0.36 ± 0.08 mM). (2) Molecular docking displayed that TTW formed six hydrogen bonds with active site pockets of ACE.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The ACE inhibitory peptide was in silico screened from the product generated by virtual gastrointestinal digestion of the proteins from C. vulgaris.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	The peptide was demonstrated stable against gastrointestinal digestion and ACE hydrolysis.
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

(1) The best pose of each peptide binding with crystal structure of human tACE (PDB ID: 1O8A) was established according to LibDock score and binding energy.
(2) The purified peptide TTW is a possible candidate for application as a dietary supplement or as a component of a functional food product.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPANHY0965
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0540

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Xie J, Chen X, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Tang YJ, Wei D. Antihypertensive Effects, Molecular Docking Study, and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Assay of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Chlorella vulgaris. J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Feb 14;66(6):1359-1368. PMID: 29345929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04294
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2018