Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1822(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1822
Peptide sequence	HNW
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

His-Asn-Trp

Single-letter amino acid

HNW

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
168 Da	455.48 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

7.79 ^c

IC₅₀

126 ± 20 μM

pIC₅₀

-2.1

GRAVY

-2.5333^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

33.33%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris)
Precursor protein	Photosystem II D2 protein (P56319)
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0984 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP-dependent DNA helicase 2 subunit KU70 Source.2: DFBPPR1177 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calmodulin-binding transcription activator CBT Source.3: DFBPPR1303 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase 6 Source.4: DFBPPR1481 ---- Plant proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase MSL1 Source.5: DFBPPR1489 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein SUBSTANDARD STARCH GRAIN 4, chloroplastic Source.6: DFBPPR1526 ---- Plant proteins ---- Flavanone 3-dioxygenase 2 Source.7: DFBPPR1652 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II D2 protein Source.8: DFBPPR2522 ---- Plant proteins ---- Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase Source.9: DFBPPR2676 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-A11 Source.10: DFBPPR2871 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein SEMI-ROLLED LEAF 2 Source.11: DFBPPR2952 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-A17 Source.12: DFBPPR2999 ---- Plant proteins ---- FACT complex subunit SSRP1-B Source.13: DFBPPR3015 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-A13 Source.14: DFBPPR3328 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative expansin-A30 Source.15: DFBPPR3709 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable anion transporter 1, chloroplastic Source.16: DFBPPR4095 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable anion transporter 4, chloroplastic Source.17: DFBPPR4952 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative B3 domain-containing protein Os04g0676650 Source.18: DFBPPR4980 ---- Plant proteins ---- Lactoylglutathione lyase Source.19: DFBPPR5063 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II D2 protein Source.20: DFBPPR5141 ---- Plant proteins ---- Flavonoid 4'-O-methyltransferase Source.21: DFBPPR5477 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II D2 protein Source.22: DFBPPR6232 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II D2 protein Source.23: DFBPPR6419 ---- Plant proteins ---- Defensin-1 Source.24: DFBPPR6488 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein SCARECROW Source.25: DFBPPR6710 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II D2 protein Source.26: DFBPPR7054 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II D2 protein Source.27: DFBPPR7195 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chalcone synthase 2 Source.28: DFBPPR8453 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II D2 protein Source.29: DFBPPR16031 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit Source.30: DFBPPR16111 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit STT3A Source.31: DFBPPR16133 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit beta Source.32: DFBPPR16146 ---- Animal proteins ---- cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase Source.33: DFBPPR16242 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha Source.34: DFBPPR16488 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coagulation factor VIII Source.35: DFBPPR16882 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial Source.36: DFBPPR17016 ---- Animal proteins ---- cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase Source.37: DFBPPR17049 ---- Animal proteins ---- cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase Source.38: DFBPPR17188 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha Source.39: DFBPPR17602 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit beta Source.40: DFBPPR17991 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cone cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha' Source.41: DFBPPR17996 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase Source.42: DFBPPR18100 ---- Animal proteins ---- Derlin-1 Source.43: DFBPPR18499 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase Source.44: DFBPPR18706 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit STT3A Source.45: DFBPPR19651 ---- Animal proteins ---- FAS-associated factor 2 Source.46: DFBPPR20105 ---- Animal proteins ---- Poly(U)-specific endoribonuclease Source.47: DFBPPR20514 ---- Animal proteins ---- Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 1, mitochondrial Source.48: DFBPPR20933 ---- Animal proteins ---- FAST kinase domain-containing protein 3, mitochondrial Source.49: DFBPPR21298 ---- Animal proteins ---- SH3KBP1-binding protein 1 Source.50: DFBPPR21319 ---- Animal proteins ---- V-type proton ATPase subunit H Source.51: DFBPPR21710 ---- Animal proteins ---- Differentially expressed in FDCP 8 homolog Source.52: DFBPPR21907 ---- Animal proteins ---- Molybdate-anion transporter Source.53: DFBPPR22056 ---- Animal proteins ---- dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase Source.54: DFBPPR8552 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial Source.55: DFBPPR8773 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha Source.56: DFBPPR8856 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase Source.57: DFBPPR9379 ---- Animal proteins ---- Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 1 Source.58: DFBPPR9806 ---- Animal proteins ---- V-type proton ATPase subunit H Source.59: DFBPPR9843 ---- Animal proteins ---- P protein Source.60: DFBPPR9996 ---- Animal proteins ---- Riboflavin-binding protein Source.61: DFBPPR9999 ---- Animal proteins ---- Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Source.62: DFBPPR10000 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial Source.63: DFBPPR10069 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha Source.64: DFBPPR10227 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 Source.65: DFBPPR10354 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA topoisomerase 2-beta Source.66: DFBPPR10410 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cone cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha' Source.67: DFBPPR10604 ---- Animal proteins ---- Integrin alpha-8 Source.68: DFBPPR11233 ---- Animal proteins ---- TATA box-binding protein-associated factor RNA polymerase I subunit B Source.69: DFBPPR11637 ---- Animal proteins ---- 2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent oxygenase JMJD4 Source.70: DFBPPR11966 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein CREG1 Source.71: DFBPPR12675 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype Source.72: DFBPPR14045 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 Source.73: DFBPPR14291 ---- Marine protein ---- Photosystem II D2 protein Source.74: DFBPPR14338 ---- Marine protein ---- Photosystem II D2 protein Source.75: DFBPPR14892 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-4 specific Source.76: DFBPPR14895 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Chromatin-remodeling ATPase INO80 Source.77: DFBPPR15003 ---- Microorganism protein ---- FACT complex subunit SPT16 Source.78: DFBPPR15258 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Invertase Source.79: DFBPPR15529 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Oleate activated transcription factor 3 Source.80: DFBPPR15704 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Oxidation resistance protein 1 Source.81: DFBPPR7759 ---- Plant protein ---- Eugenol O-methyltransferase Source.82: DFBPPR7775 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem II D2 protein Source.83: DFBPPR8050 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem II D2 protein Source.84: DFBPPR8226 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem II D2 protein Source.85: DFBPPR8272 ---- Plant protein ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta Source.86: DFBPPR8314 ---- Plant protein ---- Maturase K Source.87: DFBPPR8349 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I assembly protein Ycf3
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 126 ± 20 μM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Non-bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The ACE inhibitory peptide was in silico screened from the product generated by virtual gastrointestinal digestion of the proteins from C. vulgaris.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Xie J, Chen X, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Tang YJ, Wei D. Antihypertensive Effects, Molecular Docking Study, and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Assay of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Chlorella vulgaris. J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Feb 14;66(6):1359-1368. PMID: 29345929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04294
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2018