Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1937(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1937
Peptide sequence	ALPP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ala-Leu-Pro-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

ALPP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	396.47 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.6000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Amaranth seed proteins
Precursor protein	Amaranth glutelins
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0898 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein phosphatase 2C 53 Source.2: DFBPPR0962 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor MYBS3 Source.3: DFBPPR0966 ---- Plant proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase protein FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER1 Source.4: DFBPPR0969 ---- Plant proteins ---- Polyamine oxidase 1 Source.5: DFBPPR0997 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tricin synthase 1 Source.6: DFBPPR1090 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable transcription factor FL Source.7: DFBPPR1118 ---- Plant proteins ---- LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase ER2 Source.8: DFBPPR1135 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR-LIKE 13 Source.9: DFBPPR1138 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase SUV3L, mitochondrial Source.10: DFBPPR1324 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 11 Source.11: DFBPPR1326 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein SHORTAGE IN CHIASMATA 1 homolog Source.12: DFBPPR1345 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cadmium/zinc-transporting ATPase HMA2 Source.13: DFBPPR1384 ---- Plant proteins ---- Oryzalexin E synthase Source.14: DFBPPR1386 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transcription factor LATE FLOWERING Source.15: DFBPPR1405 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-like 2 Source.16: DFBPPR1442 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein SCARECROW 1 Source.17: DFBPPR1498 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein SCARECROW 2 Source.18: DFBPPR1531 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger protein STAR3 Source.19: DFBPPR1604 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase Source.20: DFBPPR1661 ---- Plant proteins ---- Flavanone 3-dioxygenase 1 Source.21: DFBPPR1737 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable (S)-ureidoglycine aminohydrolase Source.22: DFBPPR1830 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 3a Source.23: DFBPPR1918 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA replication licensing factor MCM6 Source.24: DFBPPR1955 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 3b Source.25: DFBPPR2259 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inorganic phosphate transporter 1-1 Source.26: DFBPPR2284 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucan 1,3-alpha-glucosidase Source.27: DFBPPR2429 ---- Plant proteins ---- Multicopper oxidase LPR1 homolog 5 Source.28: DFBPPR2453 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dihydroorotase, mitochondrial Source.29: DFBPPR2458 ---- Plant proteins ---- Monothiol glutaredoxin-S12, chloroplastic Source.30: DFBPPR2606 ---- Plant proteins ---- Multicopper oxidase LPR1 homolog 4 Source.31: DFBPPR2646 ---- Plant proteins ---- CBL-interacting protein kinase 25 Source.32: DFBPPR2790 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 22 Source.33: DFBPPR2794 ---- Plant proteins ---- FACT complex subunit SPT16 Source.34: DFBPPR2840 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sialyltransferase-like protein 2 Source.35: DFBPPR2845 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 47 Source.36: DFBPPR2903 ---- Plant proteins ---- Multicopper oxidase LPR1 homolog 3 Source.37: DFBPPR2975 ---- Plant proteins ---- Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase 4 Source.38: DFBPPR3213 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 5 Source.39: DFBPPR3499 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable anion transporter 3, chloroplastic Source.40: DFBPPR3545 ---- Plant proteins ---- Auxin response factor 3 Source.41: DFBPPR3618 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative auxin response factor 20 Source.42: DFBPPR3637 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc-finger homeodomain protein 4 Source.43: DFBPPR3673 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc-finger homeodomain protein 3 Source.44: DFBPPR3710 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative beta-glucosidase 15 Source.45: DFBPPR3771 ---- Plant proteins ---- 24-methylenesterol C-methyltransferase 2 Source.46: DFBPPR3802 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2E Source.47: DFBPPR3847 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.13 Source.48: DFBPPR3875 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glutamyl endopeptidase, chloroplastic Source.49: DFBPPR3925 ---- Plant proteins ---- Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 5 Source.50: DFBPPR3937 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc-finger homeodomain protein 10 Source.51: DFBPPR4025 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 1E1 Source.52: DFBPPR4094 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable inactive DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase DRM1B Source.53: DFBPPR4160 ---- Plant proteins ---- Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 10 Source.54: DFBPPR4391 ---- Plant proteins ---- Maltose excess protein 1-like, chloroplastic Source.55: DFBPPR4395 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative cyclin-F1-4 Source.56: DFBPPR4419 ---- Plant proteins ---- Formin-like protein 15 Source.57: DFBPPR4469 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 11 Source.58: DFBPPR4472 ---- Plant proteins ---- BURP domain-containing protein 15 Source.59: DFBPPR4527 ---- Plant proteins ---- Origin of replication complex subunit 6 Source.60: DFBPPR4555 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-related protein 9 Source.61: DFBPPR4598 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 39 Source.62: DFBPPR4630 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 11 Source.63: DFBPPR4672 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ninja-family protein Os03g0419100 Source.64: DFBPPR4688 ---- Plant proteins ---- UPF0496 protein 1 Source.65: DFBPPR4734 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 67 Source.66: DFBPPR4787 ---- Plant proteins ---- 60S ribosomal protein L7a-1 Source.67: DFBPPR4822 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TAB2 homolog, chloroplastic Source.68: DFBPPR4823 ---- Plant proteins ---- 60S ribosomal protein L7a-2 Source.69: DFBPPR4887 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein RICE SALT SENSITIVE 3 Source.70: DFBPPR4913 ---- Plant proteins ---- LRR receptor kinase SERL2 Source.71: DFBPPR5038 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase Source.72: DFBPPR5180 ---- Plant proteins ---- Biotin carboxyl carrier protein of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, chloroplastic Source.73: DFBPPR5250 ---- Plant proteins ---- Translation initiation factor IF-1, chloroplastic Source.74: DFBPPR5294 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein Ycf2 Source.75: DFBPPR5392 ---- Plant proteins ---- NADP-dependent malic enzyme, chloroplastic Source.76: DFBPPR5425 ---- Plant proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase protein THICK TASSEL DWARF1 Source.77: DFBPPR5426 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dimethylnonatriene synthase Source.78: DFBPPR5495 ---- Plant proteins ---- Trimethyltridecatetraene synthase Source.79: DFBPPR5503 ---- Plant proteins ---- Pyruvate, phosphate dikinase 2 Source.80: DFBPPR5519 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-selinene synthase Source.81: DFBPPR5543 ---- Plant proteins ---- Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase Source.82: DFBPPR5578 ---- Plant proteins ---- Anthranilate O-methyltransferase 3 Source.83: DFBPPR5647 ---- Plant proteins ---- V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A Source.84: DFBPPR5699 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose-phosphate synthase Source.85: DFBPPR5748 ---- Plant proteins ---- Anthranilate O-methyltransferase 2 Source.86: DFBPPR5870 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein WRKY1 Source.87: DFBPPR5978 ---- Plant proteins ---- CASP-like protein 1E1 Source.88: DFBPPR6138 ---- Plant proteins ---- Anther-specific protein MZm3-3 Source.89: DFBPPR7091 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamyl-tRNA reductase 3, chloroplastic Source.90: DFBPPR7093 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamyl-tRNA reductase 2 Source.91: DFBPPR7126 ---- Plant proteins ---- Signal recognition particle 54 kDa protein 1 Source.92: DFBPPR7127 ---- Plant proteins ---- Signal recognition particle 54 kDa protein 2 Source.93: DFBPPR7151 ---- Plant proteins ---- V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A Source.94: DFBPPR7440 ---- Plant proteins ---- V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A Source.95: DFBPPR7461 ---- Plant proteins ---- Shaggy-related protein kinase theta Source.96: DFBPPR7605 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.97: DFBPPR7639 ---- Milk proteins ---- MICAL-like protein 2 Source.98: DFBPPR7640 ---- Milk proteins ---- Pro-neuregulin-1, membrane-bound isoform Source.99: DFBPPR8191 ---- Plant proteins ---- L-ascorbate oxidase Source.100: DFBPPR15945 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dopamine beta-hydroxylase Source.101: DFBPPR15955 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cellular tumor antigen p53 Source.102: DFBPPR15982 ---- Animal proteins ---- Triadin Source.103: DFBPPR16016 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial Source.104: DFBPPR16034 ---- Animal proteins ---- Progesterone receptor Source.105: DFBPPR16084 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-box transcription factor TBX2 Source.106: DFBPPR16121 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vitamin K-dependent protein C Source.107: DFBPPR16144 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tight junction protein ZO-3 Source.108: DFBPPR16147 ---- Animal proteins ---- Telomerase reverse transcriptase Source.109: DFBPPR16195 ---- Animal proteins ---- Xylosyltransferase 1 Source.110: DFBPPR16272 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thrombopoietin Source.111: DFBPPR16298 ---- Animal proteins ---- Erythropoietin receptor Source.112: DFBPPR16382 ---- Animal proteins ---- Platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain Source.113: DFBPPR16439 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lutropin subunit beta Source.114: DFBPPR16467 ---- Animal proteins ---- Opticin Source.115: DFBPPR16541 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.116: DFBPPR16594 ---- Animal proteins ---- Macoilin Source.117: DFBPPR16685 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bromodomain-containing protein 2 Source.118: DFBPPR16851 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial Source.119: DFBPPR17078 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Source.120: DFBPPR17303 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha Source.121: DFBPPR17305 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metalloendopeptidase OMA1, mitochondrial Source.122: DFBPPR17351 ---- Animal proteins ---- Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 Source.123: DFBPPR17389 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phospholipid-transporting ATPase IB Source.124: DFBPPR17444 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1 Source.125: DFBPPR17450 ---- Animal proteins ---- Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 Source.126: DFBPPR17806 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uroplakin-2 Source.127: DFBPPR17854 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase Source.128: DFBPPR17984 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta Source.129: DFBPPR18072 ---- Animal proteins ---- Postacrosomal sheath WW domain-binding protein Source.130: DFBPPR18093 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.131: DFBPPR18099 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor NF-E2 45 kDa subunit Source.132: DFBPPR18122 ---- Animal proteins ---- Microtubule-associated protein 4 Source.133: DFBPPR18142 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein CASC3 Source.134: DFBPPR18162 ---- Animal proteins ---- Renin receptor Source.135: DFBPPR18217 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alkylated DNA repair protein alkB homolog 8 Source.136: DFBPPR18387 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vitamin K-dependent protein Z Source.137: DFBPPR18412 ---- Animal proteins ---- Three-prime repair exonuclease 1 Source.138: DFBPPR18576 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lon protease homolog 2, peroxisomal Source.139: DFBPPR18585 ---- Animal proteins ---- Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2 Source.140: DFBPPR18608 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX30 Source.141: DFBPPR18626 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thymidylate synthase Source.142: DFBPPR18767 ---- Animal proteins ---- Toll-interacting protein Source.143: DFBPPR18804 ---- Animal proteins ---- Importin subunit alpha-8 Source.144: DFBPPR18827 ---- Animal proteins ---- Creatine kinase M-type Source.145: DFBPPR18901 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 Source.146: DFBPPR18947 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thyroid receptor-interacting protein 6 Source.147: DFBPPR18971 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inorganic pyrophosphatase Source.148: DFBPPR19158 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues Source.149: DFBPPR19220 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase Source.150: DFBPPR19286 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor Source.151: DFBPPR19323 ---- Animal proteins ---- WAP, Kazal, immunoglobulin, Kunitz and NTR domain-containing protein 2 Source.152: DFBPPR19426 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurosecretory protein VGF Source.153: DFBPPR19467 ---- Animal proteins ---- Integral membrane protein GPR137 Source.154: DFBPPR19566 ---- Animal proteins ---- Geranylgeranyl transferase type-2 subunit alpha Source.155: DFBPPR19570 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 8B Source.156: DFBPPR19574 ---- Animal proteins ---- H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunit 2 Source.157: DFBPPR19618 ---- Animal proteins ---- TCF3 fusion partner homolog Source.158: DFBPPR19825 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA excision repair protein ERCC-6-like 2 Source.159: DFBPPR19925 ---- Animal proteins ---- Complement factor H Source.160: DFBPPR19969 ---- Animal proteins ---- Growth/differentiation factor 10 Source.161: DFBPPR20033 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 Source.162: DFBPPR20037 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitochondrial-processing peptidase subunit beta Source.163: DFBPPR20141 ---- Animal proteins ---- Paired box protein Pax-6 Source.164: DFBPPR20229 ---- Animal proteins ---- N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase Source.165: DFBPPR20265 ---- Animal proteins ---- Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH1 Source.166: DFBPPR20370 ---- Animal proteins ---- 28S ribosomal protein S35, mitochondrial Source.167: DFBPPR20407 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma Source.168: DFBPPR20478 ---- Animal proteins ---- Macoilin Source.169: DFBPPR20505 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-box transcription factor TBX6 Source.170: DFBPPR20543 ---- Animal proteins ---- Procollagen galactosyltransferase 1 Source.171: DFBPPR20550 ---- Animal proteins ---- G-protein coupled receptor family C group 6 member A Source.172: DFBPPR20641 ---- Animal proteins ---- Centrosomal protein of 41 kDa Source.173: DFBPPR20717 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inositol oxygenase Source.174: DFBPPR20829 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phospholipid phosphatase 6 Source.175: DFBPPR20836 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein RRP5 homolog Source.176: DFBPPR20857 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 15 Source.177: DFBPPR20884 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 237 Source.178: DFBPPR20921 ---- Animal proteins ---- TRAF-type zinc finger domain-containing protein 1 Source.179: DFBPPR20985 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 131-like Source.180: DFBPPR21101 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bromodomain-containing protein 2 Source.181: DFBPPR21191 ---- Animal proteins ---- RAS protein activator like-3 Source.182: DFBPPR21200 ---- Animal proteins ---- RAB6A-GEF complex partner protein 2 Source.183: DFBPPR21253 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sorting nexin-8 Source.184: DFBPPR21273 ---- Animal proteins ---- Poly(rC)-binding protein 4 Source.185: DFBPPR21354 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL3 Source.186: DFBPPR21361 ---- Animal proteins ---- Seizure protein 6 homolog Source.187: DFBPPR21393 ---- Animal proteins ---- mRNA-decapping enzyme 1B Source.188: DFBPPR21502 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 17 Source.189: DFBPPR21510 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 7 Source.190: DFBPPR21512 ---- Animal proteins ---- Membrane protein FAM174B Source.191: DFBPPR21745 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mastermind-like protein 2 Source.192: DFBPPR21849 ---- Animal proteins ---- ALS2 C-terminal-like protein Source.193: DFBPPR21940 ---- Animal proteins ---- G patch domain-containing protein 1 Source.194: DFBPPR21963 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein zwilch homolog Source.195: DFBPPR21970 ---- Animal proteins ---- Testis-specific Y-encoded-like protein 1 Source.196: DFBPPR21979 ---- Animal proteins ---- X-ray radiation resistance-associated protein 1 Source.197: DFBPPR21984 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 10 Source.198: DFBPPR21991 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC7-like Source.199: DFBPPR22057 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fatty acid desaturase 6 Source.200: DFBPPR22073 ---- Animal proteins ---- C2 calcium-dependent domain-containing protein 4A Source.201: DFBPPR22109 ---- Animal proteins ---- Host cell factor C1 regulator 1 Source.202: DFBPPR22167 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 143 Source.203: DFBPPR22187 ---- Animal proteins ---- Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 8 Source.204: DFBPPR22195 ---- Animal proteins ---- Homeobox protein DBX2 Source.205: DFBPPR22337 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein CLBA1 Source.206: DFBPPR22339 ---- Animal proteins ---- R3H domain-containing protein 2 Source.207: DFBPPR22403 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock protein beta-9 Source.208: DFBPPR22417 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spermatogenesis-associated protein 46 Source.209: DFBPPR22433 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 186 Source.210: DFBPPR22440 ---- Animal proteins ---- PDZK1-interacting protein 1 Source.211: DFBPPR22507 ---- Animal proteins ---- Secernin-3 Source.212: DFBPPR22510 ---- Animal proteins ---- GPALPP motifs-containing protein 1 Source.213: DFBPPR22572 ---- Animal proteins ---- Maestro heat-like repeat-containing protein family member 1 Source.214: DFBPPR22604 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM181B Source.215: DFBPPR22609 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein TSSC4 Source.216: DFBPPR22627 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 61 Source.217: DFBPPR22651 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spermatogenesis-associated protein 2-like protein Source.218: DFBPPR22745 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C3orf14 homolog Source.219: DFBPPR8569 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.220: DFBPPR8613 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thyroglobulin Source.221: DFBPPR8679 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2 Source.222: DFBPPR8724 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial Source.223: DFBPPR8925 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB Source.224: DFBPPR8972 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lutropin subunit beta Source.225: DFBPPR9023 ---- Animal proteins ---- Forkhead box protein L2 Source.226: DFBPPR9102 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 Source.227: DFBPPR9277 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor 1 C-type Source.228: DFBPPR9323 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lymphotoxin-alpha Source.229: DFBPPR9369 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 Source.230: DFBPPR9484 ---- Animal proteins ---- Macoilin Source.231: DFBPPR9540 ---- Animal proteins ---- Geranylgeranyl transferase type-2 subunit alpha Source.232: DFBPPR9578 ---- Animal proteins ---- Biglycan Source.233: DFBPPR9587 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.234: DFBPPR9691 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uroplakin-2 Source.235: DFBPPR9708 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 7 Source.236: DFBPPR9783 ---- Animal proteins ---- Importin subunit alpha-8 Source.237: DFBPPR9827 ---- Animal proteins ---- Guanylate cyclase activator 2B Source.238: DFBPPR9974 ---- Animal proteins ---- RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Source.239: DFBPPR9989 ---- Animal proteins ---- VIP peptides Source.240: DFBPPR10153 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA replication ATP-dependent helicase/nuclease DNA2 Source.241: DFBPPR10225 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neuropilin-1 Source.242: DFBPPR10308 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 Source.243: DFBPPR10332 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 1 Source.244: DFBPPR10359 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proto-oncogene c-Rel Source.245: DFBPPR10464 ---- Animal proteins ---- 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial Source.246: DFBPPR10499 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolactin receptor Source.247: DFBPPR10500 ---- Animal proteins ---- Casein kinase I isoform epsilon Source.248: DFBPPR10528 ---- Animal proteins ---- Far upstream element-binding protein 2 Source.249: DFBPPR10532 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carnosine N-methyltransferase Source.250: DFBPPR10533 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA repair protein REV1 Source.251: DFBPPR10545 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcriptional activator GLI3 Source.252: DFBPPR10637 ---- Animal proteins ---- CTD small phosphatase-like protein Source.253: DFBPPR10669 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-box transcription factor TBX3 Source.254: DFBPPR10671 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 65 Source.255: DFBPPR10802 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIF18B Source.256: DFBPPR10847 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein patched homolog 1 Source.257: DFBPPR10862 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase Source.258: DFBPPR10928 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 28 Source.259: DFBPPR11037 ---- Animal proteins ---- Disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 2 Source.260: DFBPPR11056 ---- Animal proteins ---- Anti-apoptotic protein NR13 Source.261: DFBPPR11079 ---- Animal proteins ---- Frizzled-1 Source.262: DFBPPR11158 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatase and actin regulator 1 Source.263: DFBPPR11189 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pre-mRNA-splicing factor RBM22 Source.264: DFBPPR11221 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger homeobox protein 4 Source.265: DFBPPR11224 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 Source.266: DFBPPR11275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 15 Source.267: DFBPPR11311 ---- Animal proteins ---- Forkhead box protein D1 Source.268: DFBPPR11380 ---- Animal proteins ---- Paired box protein Pax-6 Source.269: DFBPPR11438 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.270: DFBPPR11520 ---- Animal proteins ---- Microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member 2 Source.271: DFBPPR11627 ---- Animal proteins ---- WW domain-binding protein 4 Source.272: DFBPPR11629 ---- Animal proteins ---- THO complex subunit 5 homolog Source.273: DFBPPR11795 ---- Animal proteins ---- Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 22 Source.274: DFBPPR12070 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 237 Source.275: DFBPPR12098 ---- Animal proteins ---- NEDD4-binding protein 1 Source.276: DFBPPR12237 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thyroid adenoma-associated protein homolog Source.277: DFBPPR12275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 3 Source.278: DFBPPR12281 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.279: DFBPPR12290 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 2 Source.280: DFBPPR12327 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C zeta type Source.281: DFBPPR12341 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Source.282: DFBPPR12432 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 Source.283: DFBPPR12437 ---- Animal proteins ---- Trehalase Source.284: DFBPPR12464 ---- Animal proteins ---- Urokinase-type plasminogen activator Source.285: DFBPPR12568 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 Source.286: DFBPPR12613 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutathione peroxidase 1 Source.287: DFBPPR12816 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 Source.288: DFBPPR12841 ---- Animal proteins ---- Forkhead box protein L2 Source.289: DFBPPR12877 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor Source.290: DFBPPR12976 ---- Animal proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 Source.291: DFBPPR12979 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lutropin subunit beta Source.292: DFBPPR13005 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.293: DFBPPR13094 ---- Animal proteins ---- Atherin Source.294: DFBPPR13160 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Source.295: DFBPPR13190 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha Source.296: DFBPPR13194 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dopamine beta-hydroxylase Source.297: DFBPPR13248 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kallikrein-1E2 Source.298: DFBPPR13354 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.299: DFBPPR13435 ---- Animal proteins ---- Forkhead box protein L2 Source.300: DFBPPR13558 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Source.301: DFBPPR13629 ---- Animal proteins ---- Copper-transporting ATPase 2 Source.302: DFBPPR13685 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain Source.303: DFBPPR13880 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.304: DFBPPR14073 ---- Marine protein ---- Elastase-1 Source.305: DFBPPR14150 ---- Marine protein ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.306: DFBPPR14657 ---- Marine protein ---- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 Source.307: DFBPPR14768 ---- Marine protein ---- Tachylectin-2 Source.308: DFBPPR14926 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial Source.309: DFBPPR15205 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Source.310: DFBPPR15686 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Polyadenylation factor subunit 2 Source.311: DFBPPR15698 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Stress response protein NST1 Source.312: DFBPPR15704 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Oxidation resistance protein 1 Source.313: DFBPPR15804 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Thymidylate synthase Source.314: DFBPPR15868 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Thymidylate synthase Source.315: DFBPPR15885 ---- Microorganism protein ---- RNA-directed RNA polymerase Source.316: DFBPPR7884 ---- Plant protein ---- CASP-like protein 4A1 Source.317: DFBPPR7890 ---- Plant protein ---- CASP-like protein 1E1 Source.318: DFBPPR8155 ---- Plant protein ---- Protein Ycf2
Link-research Inductive analysis	Link 1: DFBPACEI0514----Human milk protein----β-Casein

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	Amaranth trypsin-digested glutelins induce endothelial NO production and consequent vasodilation through their ACE-inhibitory activity. The peptide ALPP was isolated from the highest active fraction, so the peptide was a potential Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory peptide (No valid IC₅₀ value was determined in this study).
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Native amaranth glutelins were digested with trypsin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) at an enzyme/substrate ratio of 1:10 (w/w) for 10 h at 37 ℃.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Amaranth trypsin-digested glutelins have a high potential as a nutraceutical food in prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	de la Rosa AP, Montoya AB, Martínez-Cuevas P, Hernández-Ledesma B, León-Galván MF, De León-Rodríguez A, González C. Tryptic amaranth glutelin digests induce endothelial nitric oxide production through inhibition of ACE: antihypertensive role of amaranth peptides. Nitric Oxide. 2010 Sep 15;23(2):106-11. PMID: 20435155 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.04.006
Other literature(s)	[1] Kohmura M, Nio N, Kubo K, et al. Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by synthetic peptides of human. BETA.-casein[J]. Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan, 1989, 53(8):2107-2114.
PubDate	2010