Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI1967(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI1967
Peptide sequence	FEPL
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	DPP IV-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Phe-Glu-Pro-Leu

Single-letter amino acid

FEPL

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
504.63 Da	504.57 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

3.34 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.3750^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Common Oat (Avena sativa)
Precursor protein	12S globulin
Residue position	f(53–56)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0887 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein NARROW LEAF 1 Source.2: DFBPPR0888 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein NARROW LEAF 1 Source.3: DFBPPR1290 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2B Source.4: DFBPPR1405 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-like 2 Source.5: DFBPPR1488 ---- Plant proteins ---- Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase large chain, chloroplastic Source.6: DFBPPR1551 ---- Plant proteins ---- Syn-pimara-7,15-diene synthase Source.7: DFBPPR1830 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 3a Source.8: DFBPPR1955 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 3b Source.9: DFBPPR2126 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-B 2 Source.10: DFBPPR2284 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucan 1,3-alpha-glucosidase Source.11: DFBPPR2327 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-7K, chloroplastic Source.12: DFBPPR2329 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein HEADING DATE REPRESSOR 1 Source.13: DFBPPR2461 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-B 1 Source.14: DFBPPR2914 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-D 1 Source.15: DFBPPR2940 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sialyltransferase-like protein 5 Source.16: DFBPPR3081 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 38 Source.17: DFBPPR3358 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-B 4 Source.18: DFBPPR3666 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutelin type-B 5 Source.19: DFBPPR3758 ---- Plant proteins ---- Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 Source.20: DFBPPR3839 ---- Plant proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor isoform 4G-2 Source.21: DFBPPR4032 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cell division control protein 6 homolog Source.22: DFBPPR4578 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 1D Source.23: DFBPPR4635 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 43 Source.24: DFBPPR5533 ---- Plant proteins ---- Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein CRP1, chloroplastic Source.25: DFBPPR5598 ---- Plant proteins ---- Trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase RA3 Source.26: DFBPPR5721 ---- Plant proteins ---- Single myb histone 2 Source.27: DFBPPR5908 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chalcone synthase WHP1 Source.28: DFBPPR7195 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chalcone synthase 2 Source.29: DFBPPR7196 ---- Plant proteins ---- Carbonic anhydrase, chloroplastic Source.30: DFBPPR7733 ---- Plant proteins ---- 12S seed storage globulin 2 Source.31: DFBPPR7734 ---- Plant proteins ---- 12S seed storage globulin 1 Source.32: DFBPPR15936 ---- Animal proteins ---- Apolipoprotein E Source.33: DFBPPR16045 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endoplasmin Source.34: DFBPPR16297 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit Source.35: DFBPPR16865 ---- Animal proteins ---- Apolipoprotein E Source.36: DFBPPR17033 ---- Animal proteins ---- Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD2 Source.37: DFBPPR17316 ---- Animal proteins ---- Forkhead box protein O1 Source.38: DFBPPR17460 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endoplasmin Source.39: DFBPPR17911 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 Source.40: DFBPPR18129 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 Source.41: DFBPPR18242 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heparanase Source.42: DFBPPR18445 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein kinase PRP4 homolog Source.43: DFBPPR18570 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolyl 3-hydroxylase OGFOD1 Source.44: DFBPPR18842 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 7 Source.45: DFBPPR19187 ---- Animal proteins ---- Activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 3 Source.46: DFBPPR19445 ---- Animal proteins ---- 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Source.47: DFBPPR19584 ---- Animal proteins ---- Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 1 Source.48: DFBPPR19817 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosine aminotransferase Source.49: DFBPPR19879 ---- Animal proteins ---- TBC1 domain family member 14 Source.50: DFBPPR20079 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear pore complex protein Nup93 Source.51: DFBPPR20944 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pikachurin Source.52: DFBPPR21116 ---- Animal proteins ---- Suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 Source.53: DFBPPR21143 ---- Animal proteins ---- tRNA wybutosine-synthesizing protein 3 homolog Source.54: DFBPPR21168 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase regulatory subunit, mitochondrial Source.55: DFBPPR21551 ---- Animal proteins ---- Suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 Source.56: DFBPPR21732 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 1 Source.57: DFBPPR22008 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fanconi anemia group C protein homolog Source.58: DFBPPR22129 ---- Animal proteins ---- Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 4 Source.59: DFBPPR8679 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2 Source.60: DFBPPR8741 ---- Animal proteins ---- Forkhead box protein O1 Source.61: DFBPPR8822 ---- Animal proteins ---- Apolipoprotein E Source.62: DFBPPR8837 ---- Animal proteins ---- Blood vessel epicardial substance Source.63: DFBPPR9042 ---- Animal proteins ---- 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Source.64: DFBPPR9121 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endoplasmin Source.65: DFBPPR9874 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 1 Source.66: DFBPPR9892 ---- Animal proteins ---- tRNA wybutosine-synthesizing protein 3 homolog Source.67: DFBPPR9994 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit Source.68: DFBPPR10177 ---- Animal proteins ---- Talin-1 Source.69: DFBPPR10221 ---- Animal proteins ---- Blood vessel epicardial substance Source.70: DFBPPR10314 ---- Animal proteins ---- Angiotensin-converting enzyme Source.71: DFBPPR10423 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sortilin-related receptor Source.72: DFBPPR10432 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endoplasmin Source.73: DFBPPR10596 ---- Animal proteins ---- FERM, ARHGEF and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 1 Source.74: DFBPPR10663 ---- Animal proteins ---- L-dopachrome tautomerase Source.75: DFBPPR10908 ---- Animal proteins ---- G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 Source.76: DFBPPR11273 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 Source.77: DFBPPR11291 ---- Animal proteins ---- Activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 3 Source.78: DFBPPR11669 ---- Animal proteins ---- V-type proton ATPase subunit d 2 Source.79: DFBPPR11697 ---- Animal proteins ---- N-alpha-acetyltransferase 35, NatC auxiliary subunit Source.80: DFBPPR11752 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin-related protein 5 Source.81: DFBPPR11780 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B Source.82: DFBPPR11816 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog A Source.83: DFBPPR12337 ---- Animal proteins ---- Apolipoprotein E Source.84: DFBPPR12374 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sortilin-related receptor Source.85: DFBPPR12710 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endoplasmin Source.86: DFBPPR12823 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pepsin F Source.87: DFBPPR13538 ---- Animal proteins ---- Apolipoprotein E Source.88: DFBPPR15258 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Invertase Source.89: DFBPPR15557 ---- Microorganism protein ---- DNA damage checkpoint protein LCD1 Source.90: DFBPPR15685 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Zinc-regulated protein 8 Source.91: DFBPPR15803 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Galactokinase
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The synthesised peptide FEPL showed weak Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity (ACE inhibition ratio 48.9 ± 7.8%). The peptide was assayed at a concentration concentration of 1 mg protein of extract / mL. Values are the mean of triplicate samples.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	ACE-I inhibition assay of several synthesised peptides that were identified in silico from the the digestion of oat proteins with papain or ficin, which are both proteases.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:

Peptide	Solubility in Water	Resistance to Digestion	Allergenicity Probability
FEPL	Good	No	Non-allergen

EHP-Tool:

Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	Non-toxin
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPDPIV0219
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0594

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Bleakley S, Hayes M, O' Shea N, Gallagher E, Lafarga T. Predicted Release and Analysis of Novel ACE-I, Renin, and DPP-IV Inhibitory Peptides from Common Oat (Avena sativa) Protein Hydrolysates Using in Silico Analysis. Foods. 2017 Dec 4;6(12):108. PMID: 29207547 DOI: 10.3390/foods6120108
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2017