Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI2004(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI2004
Peptide sequence	KPLL
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Lys-Pro-Leu-Leu

Single-letter amino acid

KPLL

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
469.62 Da	469.61 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

10.04 ^c

IC₅₀

11.98 ± 1.65 μM

pIC₅₀

-1.078

GRAVY

0.5250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Korat crossbred (KC) chicken
Precursor protein	Chicken breast meat
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1148 ---- Plant proteins ---- L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase SIT2 Source.2: DFBPPR1211 ---- Plant proteins ---- Magnesium-chelatase subunit ChlD, chloroplastic Source.3: DFBPPR1313 ---- Plant proteins ---- Inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase 1 Source.4: DFBPPR1514 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit Source.5: DFBPPR1781 ---- Plant proteins ---- Stemar-13-ene synthase Source.6: DFBPPR1808 ---- Plant proteins ---- Flap endonuclease GEN-like 2 Source.7: DFBPPR1955 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 3b Source.8: DFBPPR1981 ---- Plant proteins ---- Signal peptide peptidase 2 Source.9: DFBPPR2005 ---- Plant proteins ---- Telomerase reverse transcriptase Source.10: DFBPPR2057 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 87A3 Source.11: DFBPPR2104 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 3 Source.12: DFBPPR2195 ---- Plant proteins ---- Signal peptide peptidase 1 Source.13: DFBPPR2200 ---- Plant proteins ---- COBRA-like protein 5 Source.14: DFBPPR2207 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 16 Source.15: DFBPPR2217 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine carboxypeptidase-like 26 Source.16: DFBPPR2248 ---- Plant proteins ---- Membrane steroid-binding protein 1 Source.17: DFBPPR2264 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 3 homolog 1 Source.18: DFBPPR2394 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose synthase 5 Source.19: DFBPPR2503 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 1A Source.20: DFBPPR2552 ---- Plant proteins ---- Retinoblastoma-related protein 2 Source.21: DFBPPR2725 ---- Plant proteins ---- Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] 1, chloroplastic Source.22: DFBPPR2809 ---- Plant proteins ---- Retinoblastoma-related protein 1 Source.23: DFBPPR2867 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase 1 Source.24: DFBPPR2921 ---- Plant proteins ---- Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase 3 Source.25: DFBPPR2967 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose synthase 7 Source.26: DFBPPR3012 ---- Plant proteins ---- UDP-glucose 4-epimerase 2 Source.27: DFBPPR3058 ---- Plant proteins ---- UDP-glucose 4-epimerase 1 Source.28: DFBPPR3091 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase Source.29: DFBPPR3093 ---- Plant proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase 11 Source.30: DFBPPR3094 ---- Plant proteins ---- UDP-glucose 4-epimerase 4 Source.31: DFBPPR3155 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acyl transferase 1 Source.32: DFBPPR3290 ---- Plant proteins ---- Transport inhibitor response 1-like protein Os05g0150500 Source.33: DFBPPR3309 ---- Plant proteins ---- Membrane steroid-binding protein 2 Source.34: DFBPPR3327 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase 9 Source.35: DFBPPR3713 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable NADH kinase Source.36: DFBPPR3889 ---- Plant proteins ---- Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 homolog 2 Source.37: DFBPPR3991 ---- Plant proteins ---- Divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase, chloroplastic Source.38: DFBPPR4010 ---- Plant proteins ---- CMP-sialic acid transporter 5 Source.39: DFBPPR4186 ---- Plant proteins ---- Formin-like protein 18 Source.40: DFBPPR4231 ---- Plant proteins ---- CMP-sialic acid transporter 4 Source.41: DFBPPR4380 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose synthase 6 Source.42: DFBPPR4432 ---- Plant proteins ---- Formin-like protein 11 Source.43: DFBPPR4822 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TAB2 homolog, chloroplastic Source.44: DFBPPR5294 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein Ycf2 Source.45: DFBPPR5350 ---- Plant proteins ---- Wound-induced protein Source.46: DFBPPR5498 ---- Plant proteins ---- 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase Source.47: DFBPPR5555 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chaperonin CPN60-1, mitochondrial Source.48: DFBPPR5881 ---- Plant proteins ---- Divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase, chloroplastic Source.49: DFBPPR6030 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA polymerase Source.50: DFBPPR6281 ---- Plant proteins ---- Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic Source.51: DFBPPR6314 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TIC 40, chloroplastic Source.52: DFBPPR6521 ---- Plant proteins ---- Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase Source.53: DFBPPR6554 ---- Plant proteins ---- Retinoblastoma-related protein 1 Source.54: DFBPPR6555 ---- Plant proteins ---- Retinoblastoma-related protein 1 Source.55: DFBPPR6630 ---- Plant proteins ---- 4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl glucoside beta-D-glucosidase 1b, chloroplastic Source.56: DFBPPR6637 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 1 Source.57: DFBPPR6672 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 3 Source.58: DFBPPR6695 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 2 Source.59: DFBPPR6867 ---- Plant proteins ---- Retinoblastoma-related protein 1 Source.60: DFBPPR7007 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein Barley B recombinant Source.61: DFBPPR7145 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ferrochelatase-2, chloroplastic Source.62: DFBPPR7162 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine carboxypeptidase II-3 Source.63: DFBPPR7166 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine carboxypeptidase II-2 Source.64: DFBPPR7212 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase Source.65: DFBPPR7354 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cold-regulated protein 1 Source.66: DFBPPR7395 ---- Plant proteins ---- Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH], chloroplastic Source.67: DFBPPR7635 ---- Milk proteins ---- Prosaposin Source.68: DFBPPR8519 ---- Milk proteins ---- Acyl-CoA 6-desaturase Source.69: DFBPPR15958 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-9 Source.70: DFBPPR16030 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 Source.71: DFBPPR16034 ---- Animal proteins ---- Progesterone receptor Source.72: DFBPPR16095 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-7 Source.73: DFBPPR16302 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-2 Source.74: DFBPPR16339 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dynamin-binding protein Source.75: DFBPPR16380 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-8 Source.76: DFBPPR16418 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-1 Source.77: DFBPPR16437 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-4 Source.78: DFBPPR16438 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-13 Source.79: DFBPPR16457 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP-3 complex subunit beta-1 Source.80: DFBPPR16551 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pro-epidermal growth factor Source.81: DFBPPR16563 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-16 Source.82: DFBPPR16567 ---- Animal proteins ---- Oxygen-regulated protein 1 Source.83: DFBPPR16797 ---- Animal proteins ---- Albumin Source.84: DFBPPR17282 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-10 Source.85: DFBPPR17403 ---- Animal proteins ---- Insulin-degrading enzyme Source.86: DFBPPR17409 ---- Animal proteins ---- Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase Source.87: DFBPPR17417 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 Source.88: DFBPPR17426 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit Source.89: DFBPPR17440 ---- Animal proteins ---- Clathrin heavy chain 1 Source.90: DFBPPR17442 ---- Animal proteins ---- AP-3 complex subunit beta-1 Source.91: DFBPPR17513 ---- Animal proteins ---- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase Source.92: DFBPPR17539 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase A Source.93: DFBPPR17693 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial Source.94: DFBPPR17993 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 Source.95: DFBPPR18098 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transforming growth factor beta activator LRRC33 Source.96: DFBPPR18164 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thromboxane-A synthase Source.97: DFBPPR18290 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclin-dependent kinase 10 Source.98: DFBPPR18475 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-2 Source.99: DFBPPR18530 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zeta-crystallin Source.100: DFBPPR18772 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-7 Source.101: DFBPPR18799 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-1 Source.102: DFBPPR18946 ---- Animal proteins ---- Paternally-expressed gene 3 protein Source.103: DFBPPR18979 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-2-macroglobulin Source.104: DFBPPR19036 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation factor 2 Source.105: DFBPPR19104 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 Source.106: DFBPPR19108 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule Source.107: DFBPPR19153 ---- Animal proteins ---- Copine-6 Source.108: DFBPPR19205 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF169 Source.109: DFBPPR19243 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable tRNA N6-adenosine threonylcarbamoyltransferase Source.110: DFBPPR19272 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal oxygenase 2 Source.111: DFBPPR19457 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein NDRG2 Source.112: DFBPPR19557 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heterochromatin protein 1-binding protein 3 Source.113: DFBPPR19864 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B Source.114: DFBPPR19878 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ankyrin repeat and zinc finger domain-containing protein 1 Source.115: DFBPPR19964 ---- Animal proteins ---- MKI67 FHA domain-interacting nucleolar phosphoprotein Source.116: DFBPPR20091 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carboxypeptidase O Source.117: DFBPPR20253 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cysteine protease ATG4A Source.118: DFBPPR20261 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein SCO1 homolog, mitochondrial Source.119: DFBPPR20389 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 7 Source.120: DFBPPR20482 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tripartite motif-containing protein 54 Source.121: DFBPPR20521 ---- Animal proteins ---- 2-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)histidine synthase subunit 1 Source.122: DFBPPR20577 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-interacting protein Source.123: DFBPPR20591 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD repeat-containing protein 74 Source.124: DFBPPR20642 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX52 Source.125: DFBPPR20862 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 Source.126: DFBPPR20931 ---- Animal proteins ---- P2Y purinoceptor 14 Source.127: DFBPPR21083 ---- Animal proteins ---- TRAF-interacting protein with FHA domain-containing protein A Source.128: DFBPPR21181 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calpastatin Source.129: DFBPPR21340 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosome-releasing factor 2, mitochondrial Source.130: DFBPPR21406 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cell division cycle-associated protein 2 Source.131: DFBPPR21556 ---- Animal proteins ---- Translation initiation factor eIF-2B subunit gamma Source.132: DFBPPR21567 ---- Animal proteins ---- NIF3-like protein 1 Source.133: DFBPPR21617 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasome assembly chaperone 3 Source.134: DFBPPR21656 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 11 Source.135: DFBPPR21756 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable allantoicase Source.136: DFBPPR22072 ---- Animal proteins ---- Brain protein I3 Source.137: DFBPPR22080 ---- Animal proteins ---- Integrator complex subunit 9 Source.138: DFBPPR22166 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 5 Source.139: DFBPPR22398 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein NDRG3 Source.140: DFBPPR22508 ---- Animal proteins ---- LysM and putative peptidoglycan-binding domain-containing protein 2 Source.141: DFBPPR22668 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM243 Source.142: DFBPPR8802 ---- Animal proteins ---- Insulin-like growth factor II Source.143: DFBPPR8841 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutamyl aminopeptidase Source.144: DFBPPR9044 ---- Animal proteins ---- Albumin Source.145: DFBPPR9142 ---- Animal proteins ---- Epoxide hydrolase 1 Source.146: DFBPPR9157 ---- Animal proteins ---- POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 2 Source.147: DFBPPR9197 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-7 Source.148: DFBPPR9218 ---- Animal proteins ---- POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 3 Source.149: DFBPPR9305 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-4 Source.150: DFBPPR9371 ---- Animal proteins ---- POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 Source.151: DFBPPR9398 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-2 Source.152: DFBPPR9405 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-1 Source.153: DFBPPR9529 ---- Animal proteins ---- Quinone oxidoreductase Source.154: DFBPPR9683 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calpastatin Source.155: DFBPPR9723 ---- Animal proteins ---- SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain Source.156: DFBPPR9735 ---- Animal proteins ---- SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype C alpha chain Source.157: DFBPPR9955 ---- Animal proteins ---- Progesterone receptor Source.158: DFBPPR10011 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-11 Source.159: DFBPPR10083 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-9 Source.160: DFBPPR10248 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B Source.161: DFBPPR10406 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin heavy chain, skeletal muscle, adult Source.162: DFBPPR10558 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 Source.163: DFBPPR10588 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-1B Source.164: DFBPPR10771 ---- Animal proteins ---- POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 3 Source.165: DFBPPR10772 ---- Animal proteins ---- POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 3 Source.166: DFBPPR10773 ---- Animal proteins ---- POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 3 Source.167: DFBPPR10945 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prosaposin Source.168: DFBPPR10978 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase A Source.169: DFBPPR10980 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation factor 2 Source.170: DFBPPR10993 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pericentriolar material 1 protein Source.171: DFBPPR11021 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein Jumonji Source.172: DFBPPR11114 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase listerin Source.173: DFBPPR11130 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin heavy chain, cardiac muscle isoform Source.174: DFBPPR11221 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger homeobox protein 4 Source.175: DFBPPR11253 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peripherin-2 Source.176: DFBPPR11258 ---- Animal proteins ---- POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 Source.177: DFBPPR11270 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase Source.178: DFBPPR11368 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX Source.179: DFBPPR11542 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-fetoprotein Source.180: DFBPPR11711 ---- Animal proteins ---- 2-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)histidine synthase subunit 1 Source.181: DFBPPR11761 ---- Animal proteins ---- Olfactory receptor-like protein COR6 Source.182: DFBPPR11767 ---- Animal proteins ---- Olfactory receptor-like protein COR1 Source.183: DFBPPR11776 ---- Animal proteins ---- Olfactory receptor-like protein COR4 Source.184: DFBPPR11783 ---- Animal proteins ---- Olfactory receptor-like protein COR2 Source.185: DFBPPR11798 ---- Animal proteins ---- Olfactory receptor-like protein COR3 Source.186: DFBPPR11800 ---- Animal proteins ---- Olfactory receptor-like protein COR5 Source.187: DFBPPR11834 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heterochromatin protein 1-binding protein 3 Source.188: DFBPPR11878 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolyl endopeptidase-like Source.189: DFBPPR11909 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cysteine protease ATG4A Source.190: DFBPPR11971 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein YIPF4 Source.191: DFBPPR12064 ---- Animal proteins ---- Integrator complex subunit 9 Source.192: DFBPPR12291 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 Source.193: DFBPPR12347 ---- Animal proteins ---- Progesterone receptor Source.194: DFBPPR12385 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-11 Source.195: DFBPPR12484 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-4 Source.196: DFBPPR12544 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 Source.197: DFBPPR12590 ---- Animal proteins ---- Epoxide hydrolase 1 Source.198: DFBPPR12681 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-7 Source.199: DFBPPR12723 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutathione S-transferase alpha I Source.200: DFBPPR12988 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calpastatin Source.201: DFBPPR13188 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 Source.202: DFBPPR13195 ---- Animal proteins ---- Albumin Source.203: DFBPPR13221 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha Source.204: DFBPPR13291 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-7 Source.205: DFBPPR13314 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-1 Source.206: DFBPPR13317 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-2 Source.207: DFBPPR13600 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glucocorticoid receptor Source.208: DFBPPR13959 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calpastatin Source.209: DFBPPR13983 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pro-opiomelanocortin-1 Source.210: DFBPPR13984 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pro-opiomelanocortin-2 Source.211: DFBPPR13990 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin heavy chain, fast skeletal muscle Source.212: DFBPPR14199 ---- Marine protein ---- Choline transporter-like protein 2 Source.213: DFBPPR14261 ---- Marine protein ---- Beta-endorphin-2 Source.214: DFBPPR14305 ---- Marine protein ---- 60 kDa chaperonin, chloroplastic Source.215: DFBPPR14402 ---- Marine protein ---- 50S ribosomal protein L3, chloroplastic Source.216: DFBPPR14543 ---- Marine protein ---- Pro-opiomelanocortin A Source.217: DFBPPR14553 ---- Marine protein ---- Glucocorticoid receptor Source.218: DFBPPR14555 ---- Marine protein ---- Vitellogenin Source.219: DFBPPR14801 ---- Marine protein ---- Gelsolin, cytoplasmic Source.220: DFBPPR14860 ---- Marine protein ---- Thyrotropin subunit beta Source.221: DFBPPR15023 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ADP,ATP carrier protein Source.222: DFBPPR15115 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Helicase SWR1 Source.223: DFBPPR15140 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase DBP6 Source.224: DFBPPR15367 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 2-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)histidine synthase subunit 1 Source.225: DFBPPR15494 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protein STU1 Source.226: DFBPPR15523 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 3, mitochondrial Source.227: DFBPPR15720 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Protein BFR2 Source.228: DFBPPR15854 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Polyphenol oxidase 1 Source.229: DFBPPR15876 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Probable DNA-directed RNA polymerase Source.230: DFBPPR8047 ---- Plant protein ---- Acid beta-fructofuranosidase Source.231: DFBPPR8120 ---- Plant protein ---- Protein TIC 214 Source.232: DFBPPR8155 ---- Plant protein ---- Protein Ycf2
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity

The peptide KPLL showed potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 11.98 ± 1.65 μM (Average and standard deviation of 3 triplicate were presented.).
KPLL showed the highest permeability in intact form, and partially degraded to KP and LL, which still showed ACE inhibitory activity after permeation. ACE inhibitory activity of permeated KPLL was highest of 56%. KPLL and KP possessed a mixed inhibitor characteristic, while LL was a non-competitive inhibitor. Based on molecular docking, K at N-terminus of KPLL is a key structure contributing to ACE inhibition as it can occupy the active site of ACE ^[1].

Specific target protein(s)

Specific Target Protein(s):
Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	A simulated in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion (Pepsin + Pancreatin) of Korat crossbred breast meat heated at 70 ℃ for 0.5 h (H-0.5) showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity (91.64 ± 1.89%).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	The peptide KPLL was stable against plasmin digestion for up to 60 min, and its IC₅₀ value was unchanged.
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The Korat crossbred (KC) chicken is a new breed that is a cross between a male Thai indigenous chicken and a female broiler.
This study confirmed that chicken breast heated at KC/H-0.5 is a source of health-promoting peptides.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Sangsawad, P., Roytrakul, S., Yongsawatdigul, J. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides derived from the simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of cooked chicken breast. Journal of Functional Foods. 2017, 29, 77-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.005
Other literature(s)	[1] Transepithelial transport and structural changes of chicken angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides through Caco-2 cell monolayers[J]. journal of functional foods, 2018, 45:401-408.
PubDate	2017