Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI2085(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI2085
Peptide sequence	AYLQ
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ala-Tyr-Leu-Gln

Single-letter amino acid

AYLQ

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
494.2571 Da	493.55 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.92 ^c

IC₅₀

228.6 ± 9.63 μM

pIC₅₀

-2.359

GRAVY

0.2000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Distilled spent grain (sorghum and wheat)
Precursor protein	Prolamin
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR2247 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phytochrome C Source.2: DFBPPR2937 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable xyloglucan glycosyltransferase 7 Source.3: DFBPPR2973 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 5 Source.4: DFBPPR3348 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable methionine--tRNA ligase Source.5: DFBPPR3844 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable protein phosphatase 2C 41 Source.6: DFBPPR4369 ---- Plant proteins ---- Plant intracellular Ras-group-related LRR protein 2 Source.7: DFBPPR4648 ---- Plant proteins ---- SPX domain-containing membrane protein Os04g0573000 Source.8: DFBPPR4678 ---- Plant proteins ---- Solute carrier family 40 member 1 Source.9: DFBPPR4916 ---- Plant proteins ---- Anthranilate synthase alpha subunit 1, chloroplastic Source.10: DFBPPR5227 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 5 Source.11: DFBPPR5698 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phytochrome A Source.12: DFBPPR5851 ---- Plant proteins ---- 22 kDa alpha-zein 4 Source.13: DFBPPR5868 ---- Plant proteins ---- 22 kDa alpha-zein 16 Source.14: DFBPPR5909 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 5 Source.15: DFBPPR5957 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein FLOURY 2 Source.16: DFBPPR6029 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha PMS2 Source.17: DFBPPR6032 ---- Plant proteins ---- 22 kDa alpha-zein 8b Source.18: DFBPPR6037 ---- Plant proteins ---- 19 kDa alpha-zein 19C2 Source.19: DFBPPR6041 ---- Plant proteins ---- 22 kDa alpha-zein 14 Source.20: DFBPPR6057 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha PMS1 Source.21: DFBPPR6067 ---- Plant proteins ---- 22 kDa alpha-zein 8 Source.22: DFBPPR6080 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha 19A2 Source.23: DFBPPR6081 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha 19B1 Source.24: DFBPPR6082 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha 19D1 Source.25: DFBPPR6085 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha A30 Source.26: DFBPPR6088 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha ZG99 Source.27: DFBPPR6093 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha 19C1 Source.28: DFBPPR6095 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha A20 Source.29: DFBPPR6096 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha GZ19AB11 Source.30: DFBPPR6101 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha M6 Source.31: DFBPPR6107 ---- Plant proteins ---- 22 kDa alpha-zein 8 Source.32: DFBPPR6110 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha Z4 Source.33: DFBPPR6123 ---- Plant proteins ---- 22 kDa alpha-zein 8 Source.34: DFBPPR6127 ---- Plant proteins ---- 22 kDa alpha-zein 14 Source.35: DFBPPR6131 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zein-alpha B49 Source.36: DFBPPR6261 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein translocase subunit SecA, chloroplastic Source.37: DFBPPR6651 ---- Plant proteins ---- Obtusifoliol 14-alpha demethylase Source.38: DFBPPR6878 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 5 Source.39: DFBPPR7244 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 5 Source.40: DFBPPR7723 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phytochrome A type 3 Source.41: DFBPPR7726 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phytochrome A type 4 Source.42: DFBPPR7727 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phytochrome A type 5 Source.43: DFBPPR16106 ---- Animal proteins ---- Orexin receptor type 2 Source.44: DFBPPR16297 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit Source.45: DFBPPR16302 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-2 Source.46: DFBPPR16344 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype Source.47: DFBPPR16380 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-8 Source.48: DFBPPR16418 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-1 Source.49: DFBPPR16437 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-4 Source.50: DFBPPR16970 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase 1 Source.51: DFBPPR16973 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fatty acid synthase Source.52: DFBPPR17037 ---- Animal proteins ---- Annexin A1 Source.53: DFBPPR17170 ---- Animal proteins ---- A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 2 Source.54: DFBPPR17787 ---- Animal proteins ---- Septin-6 Source.55: DFBPPR17893 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 Source.56: DFBPPR18133 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rhodopsin kinase GRK7 Source.57: DFBPPR18134 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclin-T1 Source.58: DFBPPR18274 ---- Animal proteins ---- Histone deacetylase 8 Source.59: DFBPPR18335 ---- Animal proteins ---- Septin-11 Source.60: DFBPPR18475 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-2 Source.61: DFBPPR18503 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial Source.62: DFBPPR18512 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase Source.63: DFBPPR18799 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-1 Source.64: DFBPPR18837 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coatomer subunit alpha Source.65: DFBPPR19319 ---- Animal proteins ---- Exopolyphosphatase PRUNE1 Source.66: DFBPPR19364 ---- Animal proteins ---- Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3 Source.67: DFBPPR19688 ---- Animal proteins ---- TBC1 domain family member 2A Source.68: DFBPPR19820 ---- Animal proteins ---- Septin-10 Source.69: DFBPPR19841 ---- Animal proteins ---- Catenin alpha-1 Source.70: DFBPPR20095 ---- Animal proteins ---- Putative histone-lysine N-methyltransferase PRDM6 Source.71: DFBPPR20840 ---- Animal proteins ---- 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 Source.72: DFBPPR21145 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription elongation factor SPT4 Source.73: DFBPPR21295 ---- Animal proteins ---- COP9 signalosome complex subunit 7b Source.74: DFBPPR21355 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 151 Source.75: DFBPPR21476 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lipase maturation factor 1 Source.76: DFBPPR21489 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pre-mRNA-splicing factor 18 Source.77: DFBPPR21606 ---- Animal proteins ---- Surfeit locus protein 6 Source.78: DFBPPR21937 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 2 Source.79: DFBPPR22600 ---- Animal proteins ---- Trafficking protein particle complex subunit 13 Source.80: DFBPPR8668 ---- Animal proteins ---- Annexin A1 Source.81: DFBPPR8781 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase 1 Source.82: DFBPPR8903 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 2 Source.83: DFBPPR9305 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-4 Source.84: DFBPPR9340 ---- Animal proteins ---- Orexin receptor type 2 Source.85: DFBPPR9398 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-2 Source.86: DFBPPR9405 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-1 Source.87: DFBPPR9826 ---- Animal proteins ---- Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 20 Source.88: DFBPPR10239 ---- Animal proteins ---- Catenin alpha-2 Source.89: DFBPPR10445 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain Source.90: DFBPPR10940 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein piccolo Source.91: DFBPPR11224 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 Source.92: DFBPPR11228 ---- Animal proteins ---- CTP synthase 2 Source.93: DFBPPR12180 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arylamine N-acetyltransferase, liver isozyme Source.94: DFBPPR12206 ---- Animal proteins ---- CDAN1-interacting nuclease 1 Source.95: DFBPPR12314 ---- Animal proteins ---- Annexin A1 Source.96: DFBPPR12357 ---- Animal proteins ---- Galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase 1 Source.97: DFBPPR12484 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-4 Source.98: DFBPPR12653 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein Source.99: DFBPPR12858 ---- Animal proteins ---- Catenin alpha-1 Source.100: DFBPPR13154 ---- Animal proteins ---- Annexin A1 Source.101: DFBPPR13249 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1 Source.102: DFBPPR13298 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclin-T1 Source.103: DFBPPR13314 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-1 Source.104: DFBPPR13317 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-2 Source.105: DFBPPR13730 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase Source.106: DFBPPR14391 ---- Marine protein ---- Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 5 Source.107: DFBPPR14648 ---- Marine protein ---- Retinol-binding protein 4-B Source.108: DFBPPR15085 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Source.109: DFBPPR15502 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Mitochondrial distribution and morphology protein 32 Source.110: DFBPPR15635 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Pre-mRNA-splicing factor SLU7 Source.111: DFBPPR7774 ---- Plant protein ---- Obtusifoliol 14-alpha demethylase Source.112: DFBPPR7814 ---- Plant protein ---- Phytochrome a Source.113: DFBPPR7849 ---- Plant protein ---- Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 5 Source.114: DFBPPR7924 ---- Plant protein ---- Kafirin PSKR2 Source.115: DFBPPR7925 ---- Plant protein ---- Kafirin PGK1 Source.116: DFBPPR7926 ---- Plant protein ---- Kafirin PSK8 Source.117: DFBPPR8111 ---- Plant protein ---- Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 5 Source.118: DFBPPR8288 ---- Plant protein ---- Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 5
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide exhibited moderate Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 228.6 ± 9.63 uM (The data was presented as means ± SD (n = 3).).
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	During 5 h of hydrolysis, Alcalase hydrolysates showed the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) at 15.5%, while the DH values of Flavourzyme and Neutrase hydrolysates were 4.70% and 10.1%, respectively. Alcalase was more effective compared to the other two enzymes.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The results indicated that prolamin hydrolysates from DDSG could be served as a source of ACE inhibitory peptides.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Wei D, Fan W, Xu Y. In Vitro Production and Identification of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Distilled Spent Grain Prolamin Isolate. Foods. 2019 Sep 4;8(9):390. PMID: 31487872 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090390
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2019