Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI2149(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI2149
Peptide sequence	LVVYPW
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Immunomodulatory activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Leu-Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp

Single-letter amino acid

LVVYPW

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	775.94 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.92 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

1.4000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

83.33%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Deer
Precursor protein	Deer velvet antler protein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR16819 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.2: DFBPPR18509 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin fetal subunit beta Source.3: DFBPPR8940 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.4: DFBPPR9275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon Source.5: DFBPPR9704 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit theta Source.6: DFBPPR12445 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-1/2 Source.7: DFBPPR12812 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit gamma Source.8: DFBPPR12916 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon Source.9: DFBPPR13247 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.10: DFBPPR13439 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-A Source.11: DFBPPR13453 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-C Source.12: DFBPPR13465 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin fetal subunit beta Source.13: DFBPPR13474 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit epsilon-1 Source.14: DFBPPR13618 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta Source.15: DFBPPR13695 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin subunit beta-C Source.16: DFBPPR13859 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hemoglobin fetal subunit beta
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptide LVVYPW was potential Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory peptide (IC₅₀ value of synthetic peptide was not determined).
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Fermentation
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Fermented deer velvet antler was prepared by UBBio Limited (Christchurch, New Zealand) using velvet antlers commercially sourced from red deer farmed in New Zealand.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Deer velvet antler contains multiple ACE inhibitory peptide sequences that may be released by fermentation or following oral consumption, and which may provide a health benefit through positive effects on the cardiovascular system.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPIMMU0039
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0624

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Haines SR, McCann MJ, Grosvenor AJ, Thomas A, Noble A, Clerens S. ACE inhibitory peptides in standard and fermented deer velvet: an in silico and in vitro investigation. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019 Dec 5;19(1):350. PMID: 31806003 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2758-3
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2019