Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPACEI2222(ACE-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPACEI2222
Peptide sequence	GLFF
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	ACE-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	Renin-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Antihypertensive activity ^[D2], Multifunctional activity ^[D3]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gly-Leu-Phe-Phe

Single-letter amino acid

GLFF

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
482.57 Da	482.57 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.97 ^c

IC₅₀

0.31 ± 0.04 mM

pIC₅₀

0.509

GRAVY

2.2500^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

100%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Moringa oleifera
Precursor protein	Moringa oleifera leaf protein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0867 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ras-related protein Rab5A Source.2: DFBPPR1006 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 4 [UDP-forming] Source.3: DFBPPR1163 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cation-chloride cotransporter 1 Source.4: DFBPPR1362 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ROS1C Source.5: DFBPPR1475 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamate receptor 3.1 Source.6: DFBPPR1535 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.7: DFBPPR1547 ---- Plant proteins ---- AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor CRL5 Source.8: DFBPPR1574 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 1, chloroplastic Source.9: DFBPPR1837 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-transporting ATPase 3, plasma membrane-type Source.10: DFBPPR1947 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-transporting ATPase 10, plasma membrane-type Source.11: DFBPPR1981 ---- Plant proteins ---- Signal peptide peptidase 2 Source.12: DFBPPR2195 ---- Plant proteins ---- Signal peptide peptidase 1 Source.13: DFBPPR2591 ---- Plant proteins ---- Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 1 Source.14: DFBPPR2782 ---- Plant proteins ---- Thioredoxin reductase NTRA Source.15: DFBPPR2901 ---- Plant proteins ---- Thioredoxin reductase NTRB Source.16: DFBPPR2968 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable aquaporin PIP2-7 Source.17: DFBPPR3247 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.18: DFBPPR3423 ---- Plant proteins ---- ABC transporter G family member 40 Source.19: DFBPPR3657 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable metal-nicotianamine transporter YSL3 Source.20: DFBPPR3981 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sugar transport protein MST7 Source.21: DFBPPR4124 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ras-related protein RGP2 Source.22: DFBPPR4177 ---- Plant proteins ---- Formin-like protein 16 Source.23: DFBPPR4303 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 17 Source.24: DFBPPR4732 ---- Plant proteins ---- BURP domain-containing protein 5 Source.25: DFBPPR5047 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.26: DFBPPR5416 ---- Plant proteins ---- Anthocyanin regulatory C1 protein Source.27: DFBPPR5441 ---- Plant proteins ---- Peroxidase 1 Source.28: DFBPPR5563 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.29: DFBPPR5648 ---- Plant proteins ---- AP-2 complex subunit sigma Source.30: DFBPPR5734 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nucleobase-ascorbate transporter LPE1 Source.31: DFBPPR5854 ---- Plant proteins ---- Retinoblastoma-related protein 3 Source.32: DFBPPR6274 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.33: DFBPPR6529 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II reaction center protein J Source.34: DFBPPR6696 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.35: DFBPPR7057 ---- Plant proteins ---- Pyrophosphate-energized vacuolar membrane proton pump Source.36: DFBPPR7065 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.37: DFBPPR7176 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase GV Source.38: DFBPPR15989 ---- Animal proteins ---- Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 Source.39: DFBPPR16519 ---- Animal proteins ---- Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC8 Source.40: DFBPPR16659 ---- Animal proteins ---- Band 4.1-like protein 5 Source.41: DFBPPR17041 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C gamma type Source.42: DFBPPR17043 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C beta type Source.43: DFBPPR17304 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endoplasmic reticulum membrane sensor NFE2L1 Source.44: DFBPPR17409 ---- Animal proteins ---- Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase Source.45: DFBPPR17413 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C alpha type Source.46: DFBPPR17455 ---- Animal proteins ---- Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase Source.47: DFBPPR17749 ---- Animal proteins ---- CD9 antigen Source.48: DFBPPR18142 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein CASC3 Source.49: DFBPPR18773 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM9 Source.50: DFBPPR19135 ---- Animal proteins ---- Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC5 Source.51: DFBPPR19187 ---- Animal proteins ---- Activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 3 Source.52: DFBPPR19564 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2 Source.53: DFBPPR20059 ---- Animal proteins ---- Band 4.1-like protein 5 Source.54: DFBPPR20294 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ion channel TACAN Source.55: DFBPPR20304 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear envelope phosphatase-regulatory subunit 1 Source.56: DFBPPR20378 ---- Animal proteins ---- GPI mannosyltransferase 1 Source.57: DFBPPR20545 ---- Animal proteins ---- GPI mannosyltransferase 3 Source.58: DFBPPR20747 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 7B Source.59: DFBPPR20890 ---- Animal proteins ---- Trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase Source.60: DFBPPR20915 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 2 Source.61: DFBPPR21562 ---- Animal proteins ---- COP9 signalosome complex subunit 6 Source.62: DFBPPR21678 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 35A Source.63: DFBPPR21915 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tetraspanin-13 Source.64: DFBPPR22103 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine incorporator 2 Source.65: DFBPPR22299 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tetraspanin-31 Source.66: DFBPPR22305 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 41A Source.67: DFBPPR22371 ---- Animal proteins ---- Saccharopine dehydrogenase-like oxidoreductase Source.68: DFBPPR8569 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.69: DFBPPR9072 ---- Animal proteins ---- CD9 antigen Source.70: DFBPPR9290 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 Source.71: DFBPPR9821 ---- Animal proteins ---- COP9 signalosome complex subunit 6 Source.72: DFBPPR11146 ---- Animal proteins ---- Formin Source.73: DFBPPR12211 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 180 Source.74: DFBPPR12275 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 3 Source.75: DFBPPR12281 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 1 Source.76: DFBPPR12290 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ryanodine receptor 2 Source.77: DFBPPR12292 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C gamma type Source.78: DFBPPR12301 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C beta type Source.79: DFBPPR12328 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C alpha type Source.80: DFBPPR12815 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 Source.81: DFBPPR13440 ---- Animal proteins ---- CSC1-like protein 1 Source.82: DFBPPR13762 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carboxylesterase 5A Source.83: DFBPPR14290 ---- Marine protein ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.84: DFBPPR14332 ---- Marine protein ---- Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain Source.85: DFBPPR15160 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Palmitoyltransferase PFA3 Source.86: DFBPPR15208 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Lon protease homolog 2, peroxisomal Source.87: DFBPPR15671 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Outer spore wall protein 5 Source.88: DFBPPR15753 ---- Microorganism protein ---- KNR4/SMI1 homolog Source.89: DFBPPR15820 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase Source.90: DFBPPR7772 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.91: DFBPPR7828 ---- Plant protein ---- Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, chloroplastic/mitochondrial Source.92: DFBPPR7992 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.93: DFBPPR8044 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 Source.94: DFBPPR8224 ---- Plant protein ---- Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

ACE-inhibitory activity	The peptides GLFF exhibited poor Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 0.31 ± 0.04 mM.
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N.D

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Moringa oleifera leaf protein was extracted and then hydrolyzed with Alcalase to produce the leaf protein hydrolysate.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	The peptide transmembrane transport experiments and simulated gastrointestinal digestion experiments with GLFF showed that it can resist gastrointestinal digestion in a complete form.
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Bioactive peptides from Moringa oleifera leaf may possess the potential to be used for treating hypertension in humans.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPRENI0041
[D2]	DFBPANHY0996
[D3]	DFBPMUFU0649

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

[D7]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Ma K, Wang Y, Wang M, Wang Z, Wang X, Ju X, He R. Antihypertensive activity of the ACE-renin inhibitory peptide derived from Moringa oleifera protein. Food Funct. 2021 Oct 4;12(19):8994-9006. PMID: 34382048 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01103k
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2021