Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPAMIC0515(Antimicrobial peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPAMIC0515
Peptide sequence	GFHI
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antimicrobial peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antimicrobial activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Anticancer activity ^[D2], Multifunctional activity ^[D3]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gly-Phe-His-Ile

Single-letter amino acid

GFHI

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	472.54 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

7.79 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.9250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Beef sarcoplasmic
Precursor protein	Beef sarcoplasmic protein hydrolysates
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0863 ---- Plant proteins ---- Brassinosteroid LRR receptor kinase BRI1 Source.2: DFBPPR1352 ---- Plant proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] 1 Source.3: DFBPPR1892 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose synthase 1 Source.4: DFBPPR2046 ---- Plant proteins ---- Double-strand break repair protein MRE11 Source.5: DFBPPR2057 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 87A3 Source.6: DFBPPR3155 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acyl transferase 1 Source.7: DFBPPR3935 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose synthase 4 Source.8: DFBPPR4335 ---- Plant proteins ---- Actin-related protein 5 Source.9: DFBPPR4380 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose synthase 6 Source.10: DFBPPR5056 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose synthase Source.11: DFBPPR5076 ---- Plant proteins ---- Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 1 Source.12: DFBPPR5707 ---- Plant proteins ---- indole-2-monooxygenase Source.13: DFBPPR5985 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aquaporin TIP4-3 Source.14: DFBPPR6322 ---- Plant proteins ---- Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Source.15: DFBPPR6506 ---- Plant proteins ---- Sucrose synthase 2 Source.16: DFBPPR6659 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit Source.17: DFBPPR7536 ---- Plant proteins ---- 60S ribosomal protein L16, mitochondrial Source.18: DFBPPR8197 ---- Plant proteins ---- Aconitate hydratase, cytoplasmic Source.19: DFBPPR16128 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cubilin Source.20: DFBPPR18420 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 2D14 Source.21: DFBPPR18871 ---- Animal proteins ---- Methionine synthase Source.22: DFBPPR19612 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Source.23: DFBPPR19958 ---- Animal proteins ---- 60S ribosomal protein L10 Source.24: DFBPPR20329 ---- Animal proteins ---- Meiosis regulator and mRNA stability factor 1 Source.25: DFBPPR22065 ---- Animal proteins ---- 60S ribosomal protein L10-like Source.26: DFBPPR22147 ---- Animal proteins ---- Immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein Source.27: DFBPPR22750 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C4orf45 homolog Source.28: DFBPPR8923 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cubilin Source.29: DFBPPR9294 ---- Animal proteins ---- 60S ribosomal protein L10 Source.30: DFBPPR9954 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tolloid-like protein 1 Source.31: DFBPPR10192 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 Source.32: DFBPPR10296 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mucin-5B Source.33: DFBPPR10337 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-tectorin Source.34: DFBPPR10395 ---- Animal proteins ---- X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 Source.35: DFBPPR10532 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carnosine N-methyltransferase Source.36: DFBPPR11357 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibroblast growth factor 4 Source.37: DFBPPR11480 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 1A2 Source.38: DFBPPR11655 ---- Animal proteins ---- 60S ribosomal protein L10 Source.39: DFBPPR12254 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 1A2 Source.40: DFBPPR13843 ---- Animal proteins ---- 60S ribosomal protein L10 Source.41: DFBPPR14977 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Source.42: DFBPPR7964 ---- Plant protein ---- Sucrose synthase
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antimicrobial activity

Table 1 show the effects of ACE inhibitory peptide GFHI on three Gram-positive (B. cereus, L. monocytogens, and S. aureus) and three Gram-negative (S. Typhimurium, E. Coli, and P. aeruginosa) pathogens. This peptide had a very strong antimicrobial effect, especially on E. coli and P. aeruginosa at 200 and 400 μg/ml.

Table 1. Antimicrobial activity of the synthetic peptide GFHI on six pathogens
Concentration (μg)	Microorganisms
Concentration (μg)	*S. Typhimurium*	*B. cereus*	*E. coli*	*L. monoytogenes*	*S. aureus*	*P. aeruginosa*
100	—	—	+	—	—	++
200	—	—	++	—	—	++
400	—	—	++	—	—	++
++, Very sensitive (13–18 mm inhibition); +, sensitive (9–12 mm inhibition); –, not detected.

Specific target protein(s)

N.D

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Hydrolysis with commercial enzymes (proteinase k).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The ACE inhibitory peptides identified from beef sarcoplasmic protein hydrolysates have both antimicrobial and cancer cell cytotoxic effects. The ACE inhibitory peptides can be expected to possess other biological functions and used as functional materials for food industry.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI0112
[D2]	DFBPANCA0330
[D3]	DFBPMUFU0046

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

[D7]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Jang, A., Jo, C., Kang, K.-S., Lee, M. Antimicrobial and human cancer cell cytotoxic effect of synthetic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides. Food Chem. 2008, 107, 327-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.036
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2008