Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANTH0082(Antithrombotic peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANTH0082
Peptide sequence	GPRP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antithrombotic peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antithrombotic activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

GPRP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	425.48 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

11.04 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-2.0250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Pig
Precursor protein	Porcine skin collagen
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR1014 ---- Plant proteins ---- Flap endonuclease GEN-like 1 Source.2: DFBPPR1265 ---- Plant proteins ---- Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase B1, chloroplastic Source.3: DFBPPR1433 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 714B2 Source.4: DFBPPR1589 ---- Plant proteins ---- Galactinol--sucrose galactosyltransferase Source.5: DFBPPR2124 ---- Plant proteins ---- 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase 1, mitochondrial Source.6: DFBPPR2166 ---- Plant proteins ---- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor isoform 4G-1 Source.7: DFBPPR2266 ---- Plant proteins ---- Metal tolerance protein 2 Source.8: DFBPPR2489 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nicotianamine aminotransferase 1 Source.9: DFBPPR2892 ---- Plant proteins ---- 30S ribosomal protein S18, chloroplastic Source.10: DFBPPR2959 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase BSL2 homolog Source.11: DFBPPR3132 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 Source.12: DFBPPR3278 ---- Plant proteins ---- Plant intracellular Ras-group-related LRR protein 3 Source.13: DFBPPR3331 ---- Plant proteins ---- RNA pseudouridine synthase 3, mitochondrial Source.14: DFBPPR3441 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chloroplastic group IIA intron splicing facilitator CRS1, chloroplastic Source.15: DFBPPR3927 ---- Plant proteins ---- Basic leucine zipper 2 Source.16: DFBPPR4053 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 1B Source.17: DFBPPR4369 ---- Plant proteins ---- Plant intracellular Ras-group-related LRR protein 2 Source.18: DFBPPR4705 ---- Plant proteins ---- 40S ribosomal protein S26 Source.19: DFBPPR4713 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 14 Source.20: DFBPPR4797 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein MOTHER of FT and TFL1 homolog 2 Source.21: DFBPPR4863 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein MOTHER of FT and TFL1 homolog 1 Source.22: DFBPPR4911 ---- Plant proteins ---- Deoxymugineic acid synthase 1 Source.23: DFBPPR5273 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 98A2 Source.24: DFBPPR5523 ---- Plant proteins ---- Deoxymugineic acid synthase 1 Source.25: DFBPPR5844 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 714B3 Source.26: DFBPPR6218 ---- Plant proteins ---- Translocase of chloroplast 34 Source.27: DFBPPR6222 ---- Plant proteins ---- Folate synthesis bifunctional protein, mitochondrial Source.28: DFBPPR7103 ---- Plant proteins ---- Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, chloroplastic Source.29: DFBPPR7130 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nicotianamine aminotransferase A Source.30: DFBPPR7141 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nicotianamine aminotransferase B Source.31: DFBPPR15985 ---- Animal proteins ---- von Willebrand factor Source.32: DFBPPR16209 ---- Animal proteins ---- Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Source.33: DFBPPR16215 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 2B11 Source.34: DFBPPR16248 ---- Animal proteins ---- Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein homolog Source.35: DFBPPR16292 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein unc-119 homolog A Source.36: DFBPPR16309 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor Source.37: DFBPPR16466 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 Source.38: DFBPPR16519 ---- Animal proteins ---- Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC8 Source.39: DFBPPR16695 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-galactose translocator Source.40: DFBPPR16849 ---- Animal proteins ---- NADPH:adrenodoxin oxidoreductase, mitochondrial Source.41: DFBPPR16938 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 Source.42: DFBPPR16964 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4 Source.43: DFBPPR17034 ---- Animal proteins ---- Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Source.44: DFBPPR17156 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase A Source.45: DFBPPR17299 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dynamin-1-like protein Source.46: DFBPPR17356 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteinase-activated receptor 1 Source.47: DFBPPR17362 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 Source.48: DFBPPR17474 ---- Animal proteins ---- AFG3-like protein 2 Source.49: DFBPPR17644 ---- Animal proteins ---- CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta Source.50: DFBPPR17741 ---- Animal proteins ---- Polyadenylate-binding protein 1 Source.51: DFBPPR17782 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 Source.52: DFBPPR17867 ---- Animal proteins ---- Guanylate kinase Source.53: DFBPPR17943 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transport and Golgi organization protein 1 homolog Source.54: DFBPPR17984 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta Source.55: DFBPPR18033 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathelicidin-3 Source.56: DFBPPR18158 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coagulation factor XII Source.57: DFBPPR18356 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2 Source.58: DFBPPR18448 ---- Animal proteins ---- Septin-1 Source.59: DFBPPR18529 ---- Animal proteins ---- Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 Source.60: DFBPPR18786 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bis(5'-adenosyl)-triphosphatase ENPP4 Source.61: DFBPPR18804 ---- Animal proteins ---- Importin subunit alpha-8 Source.62: DFBPPR18888 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutathione hydrolase 6 Source.63: DFBPPR18907 ---- Animal proteins ---- Recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless Source.64: DFBPPR18965 ---- Animal proteins ---- THO complex subunit 5 homolog Source.65: DFBPPR19073 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 21 Source.66: DFBPPR19191 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein unc-119 homolog A Source.67: DFBPPR19205 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF169 Source.68: DFBPPR19258 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 3A28 Source.69: DFBPPR19277 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolactin-releasing peptide Source.70: DFBPPR19341 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 Source.71: DFBPPR19492 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 4 Source.72: DFBPPR19508 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2 Source.73: DFBPPR20083 ---- Animal proteins ---- GPN-loop GTPase 1 Source.74: DFBPPR20271 ---- Animal proteins ---- EEF1A lysine methyltransferase 3 Source.75: DFBPPR20399 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC4 Source.76: DFBPPR20432 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4 Source.77: DFBPPR20517 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA-binding protein 42 Source.78: DFBPPR20564 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ras-related protein Rab-26 Source.79: DFBPPR20808 ---- Animal proteins ---- Monocarboxylate transporter 13 Source.80: DFBPPR20921 ---- Animal proteins ---- TRAF-type zinc finger domain-containing protein 1 Source.81: DFBPPR21006 ---- Animal proteins ---- AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5A Source.82: DFBPPR21165 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein canopy homolog 3 Source.83: DFBPPR21191 ---- Animal proteins ---- RAS protein activator like-3 Source.84: DFBPPR21393 ---- Animal proteins ---- mRNA-decapping enzyme 1B Source.85: DFBPPR21400 ---- Animal proteins ---- Replication initiator 1 Source.86: DFBPPR21526 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interferon alpha-inducible protein 27-like protein 2 Source.87: DFBPPR21612 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable inactive glycosyltransferase 25 family member 3 Source.88: DFBPPR21613 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable inactive glycosyltransferase 25 family member 3 Source.89: DFBPPR21697 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-galactose translocator Source.90: DFBPPR21734 ---- Animal proteins ---- TBC1 domain family member 1 Source.91: DFBPPR21806 ---- Animal proteins ---- Keratin, type II cuticular Hb1 Source.92: DFBPPR21831 ---- Animal proteins ---- MAPK regulated corepressor interacting protein 2 Source.93: DFBPPR21833 ---- Animal proteins ---- Keratin, type II cuticular Hb3 Source.94: DFBPPR22061 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX16 homolog, mitochondrial Source.95: DFBPPR22181 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tigger transposable element-derived protein 5 Source.96: DFBPPR22246 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pancreatic progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation factor Source.97: DFBPPR22333 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin-like protein 7 Source.98: DFBPPR22437 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glutathione S-transferase C-terminal domain-containing protein Source.99: DFBPPR22627 ---- Animal proteins ---- Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 61 Source.100: DFBPPR22662 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C11orf94 homolog Source.101: DFBPPR22755 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C11orf86 homolog Source.102: DFBPPR8573 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 Source.103: DFBPPR8670 ---- Animal proteins ---- Aurora kinase A Source.104: DFBPPR8750 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 Source.105: DFBPPR9203 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 Source.106: DFBPPR9219 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coagulation factor XII Source.107: DFBPPR9220 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor Source.108: DFBPPR9243 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 3A29 Source.109: DFBPPR9281 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2 Source.110: DFBPPR9414 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 Source.111: DFBPPR9508 ---- Animal proteins ---- Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 Source.112: DFBPPR9632 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor Source.113: DFBPPR10023 ---- Animal proteins ---- Glucagon family neuropeptides Source.114: DFBPPR10027 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D Source.115: DFBPPR10035 ---- Animal proteins ---- 72 kDa type IV collagenase Source.116: DFBPPR10309 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 Source.117: DFBPPR10422 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(XII) chain Source.118: DFBPPR10823 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 Source.119: DFBPPR10926 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 2 Source.120: DFBPPR10940 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein piccolo Source.121: DFBPPR10946 ---- Animal proteins ---- Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 Source.122: DFBPPR11083 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2 Source.123: DFBPPR11188 ---- Animal proteins ---- Visual system homeobox 1 Source.124: DFBPPR11367 ---- Animal proteins ---- Insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-2 Source.125: DFBPPR11602 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arylsulfatase K Source.126: DFBPPR11811 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase homolog Source.127: DFBPPR11992 ---- Animal proteins ---- Craniofacial development protein 1 Source.128: DFBPPR12158 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein CDV3 homolog Source.129: DFBPPR12162 ---- Animal proteins ---- Metallo-beta-lactamase domain-containing protein 2 Source.130: DFBPPR12292 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C gamma type Source.131: DFBPPR12310 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C Source.132: DFBPPR12321 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B Source.133: DFBPPR12381 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein kinase C epsilon type Source.134: DFBPPR12437 ---- Animal proteins ---- Trehalase Source.135: DFBPPR12716 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 2G1 Source.136: DFBPPR12840 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor Source.137: DFBPPR12874 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor Source.138: DFBPPR13565 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 Source.139: DFBPPR13567 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 Source.140: DFBPPR13699 ---- Animal proteins ---- Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 Source.141: DFBPPR13714 ---- Animal proteins ---- Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 Source.142: DFBPPR13727 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolactin-releasing peptide Source.143: DFBPPR13776 ---- Animal proteins ---- Keratin, type II microfibrillar, component 7C Source.144: DFBPPR13799 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cytochrome P450 3A24 Source.145: DFBPPR13800 ---- Animal proteins ---- Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 25 Source.146: DFBPPR14577 ---- Marine protein ---- Cytochrome P450 2K1 Source.147: DFBPPR14702 ---- Marine protein ---- Cytochrome P450 2K3 Source.148: DFBPPR14708 ---- Marine protein ---- Cytochrome P450 2K4 Source.149: DFBPPR14813 ---- Marine protein ---- Digestive cysteine proteinase 1 Source.150: DFBPPR7862 ---- Plant protein ---- Cytochrome P450 98A1 Source.151: DFBPPR7884 ---- Plant protein ---- CASP-like protein 4A1
Link-research Inductive analysis	Link 1: DFBPANTH0012----Bovine----Fibrin β-chain Link 2: DFBPANTH0074----Canine, Dog----Fibrin β-chain

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antithrombotic activity

The peptide GPRP inhibited fibrinogen/thrombin clotting to some degree, but did not inhibit the activity of thrombin.

Table 1 Inhibitory effects of collagen-related synthetic peptides on fibrinogen / thrombin clotting
Peptide	IC₅₀ (μM)	References
Gly-Pro-Arg	250	[1]
Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro	110	[1]
Gly-Pro-Arg-Gly	510	-
Gly-Pro-Arg-Gly-Pro	380
Gly-Pro-Arg-Gly-Pro-Ala	260
Gly-Pro-Arg-Gly-Pro-Pro	230
Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro	50
Gly-Pro-Arg-Gly-Pro-NH2	40	[2]

Specific target protein(s)

Potential Target Protein(s):
Fibrinogen gamma chain
Fibrinogen alpha chain
Fibrinogen beta chain
Fibroleukin

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

NCC(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthetic peptide
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The peptide was synthesized by the solid-phase method with a 430A Peptide Synthesizer (Applied Biosystems).

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The peptide was also found in Bovine ^[5], Chicken ^[3] Lamprey ^[4] and Dog^[6].

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Maruyama, S., Nonaka, I., Tanaka, H. Inhibitory effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of collagen and collagen-related synthetic peptides on fibrinogen/thrombin clotting. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology. 1993, 1164, 215-8. DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(93)90250-U
Other literature(s)	[1] Laudano A P, Doolittle R F. Studies on synthetic peptides that bind to fibrinogen and prevent fibrin polymerization. Structural requirements, number of binding sites, and species differences.[J]. Biochemistry, 1980, 19(5):1013-1019. [2] Kawasaki K, Hirase K, Tsuji T, et al. Amino acids and peptides XII: synthetic peptides related to the N-terminal portion of fibrin alpha-chain and their inhibitory effects on fibrinogen/thrombin clotting.[J]. Thrombosis Research, 1989, 56(6):757-762. [3] Murano G, Walz D, Williams L, et al. Primary structure of the amino terminal regions of chicken fibrin chains[J]. Thrombosis Research, 1977, 11(1):1-10. [4] Cottrell B A, Doolittle R F. Amino acid sequences of lamprey fibrinopeptides A and B and characterizations of the junctions split by lamprey and mammalian thrombins[J]. BBA - Protein Structure, 1976, 453(2):426-438. [5] Laudano A P, Doolittle R F. Studies on synthetic peptides that bind to fibrinogen and prevent fibrin polymerization. Structural requirements, number of binding sites, and species differences[J]. Biochemistry, 1980, 19(5):1013. [6] Birken S, Wilner G D, Canfield R E. Studies of the structure of canine fibrinogen ☆[J]. Thrombosis Research, 1975, 7(4):599-610.
PubDate	1993