Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANTH0169(Antithrombotic peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANTH0169
Peptide sequence	YPFPGPI
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antithrombotic peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antithrombotic activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Opioid activity ^[D2], Multifunctional activity ^[D3]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile

Single-letter amino acid

YPFPGPI

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	789.92 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

5.92 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.1143^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

85.71%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Bovine milk (Bos taurus)
Precursor protein	β-Casein
Residue position	f(60–66)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR7718 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein Source.2: DFBPPR8489 ---- Milk proteins ---- Beta-casein
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antithrombotic activity	Molecular docking of peptide and thrombin (PDB: 2BVR): Affinity was observed for YPFPGPI with ‘‘-CDOCKER Energy” values of 40.1621 kcal/mol, the peptide was a potential antithrombotic peptide (Antithrombotic activity of synthetic peptides was not determined).
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Prothrombin

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Design peptide
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	The peptide YPFPGPI is designed based on the sequence β-casein (fragment 193–209) ^[1].

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

Sixty percent of the peptides identified in the casein hydrolysate showed good thrombin inhibitory activity. This method can be further developed to facilitate the rational production of bioactive peptides for their utilization in various functional food applications.

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI0345
[D2]	DFBPOPIO0011
[D3]	DFBPMUFU0103

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

[D7]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Tu, M., Feng, L., Wang, Z., Qiao, M., Shahidi, F., Lu, W., et al. Sequence analysis and molecular docking of antithrombotic peptides from casein hydrolysate by trypsin digestion. Journal of Functional Foods. 2017, 32, 313-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.015
Other literature(s)	[1] Rojas-Ronquillo, R., Cruz-Guerrero, A., Flores-Nájera, A., Rodríguez-Serrano, G., Gómez-Ruiz, L., Reyes-Grajeda, J. P., ... García-Garibay, M. (2012). Antithrombotic and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory properties of peptides released from bovine casein by Lactobacillus casei Shirota. International Dairy Journal, 26(2), 147–154.
PubDate	2017