Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANTH0170(Antithrombotic peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANTH0170
Peptide sequence	RPGP
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antithrombotic peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antithrombotic activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro

Single-letter amino acid

RPGP

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
N.D	425.48 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

11.04 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-2.0250^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

75%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Synthesis
Organism/Source	Synthesis
Precursor protein	Synthetic peptide
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0939 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute MEL1 Source.2: DFBPPR1145 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acetolactate synthase 1, chloroplastic Source.3: DFBPPR1507 ---- Plant proteins ---- Very-long-chain aldehyde decarbonylase GL1-4 Source.4: DFBPPR1615 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol:ceramide inositolphosphotransferase Source.5: DFBPPR1683 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable acetolactate synthase 2, chloroplastic Source.6: DFBPPR1746 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein LAX PANICLE 2 Source.7: DFBPPR1777 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK1 Source.8: DFBPPR1796 ---- Plant proteins ---- Fibrillin protein 5 homolog Source.9: DFBPPR2065 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein TITANIA Source.10: DFBPPR2162 ---- Plant proteins ---- Very-long-chain aldehyde decarbonylase GL1-7 Source.11: DFBPPR2271 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK3 Source.12: DFBPPR2379 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cysteine synthase Source.13: DFBPPR2526 ---- Plant proteins ---- Chitinase 10 Source.14: DFBPPR2547 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 3, chloroplastic Source.15: DFBPPR2614 ---- Plant proteins ---- Photosystem II reaction center protein H Source.16: DFBPPR2938 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-10A Source.17: DFBPPR3318 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.4 Source.18: DFBPPR3591 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable adenylate kinase 7, mitochondrial Source.19: DFBPPR3702 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.1 Source.20: DFBPPR3772 ---- Plant proteins ---- Putative 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 9 Source.21: DFBPPR3929 ---- Plant proteins ---- IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 1 Source.22: DFBPPR3930 ---- Plant proteins ---- IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 7 Source.23: DFBPPR3977 ---- Plant proteins ---- Formin-like protein 5 Source.24: DFBPPR4048 ---- Plant proteins ---- IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 2 Source.25: DFBPPR4167 ---- Plant proteins ---- IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 3 Source.26: DFBPPR4222 ---- Plant proteins ---- IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 8 Source.27: DFBPPR4236 ---- Plant proteins ---- IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 9 Source.28: DFBPPR4418 ---- Plant proteins ---- IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 4 Source.29: DFBPPR4460 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 3 Source.30: DFBPPR4462 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ammonium transporter 2 member 3 Source.31: DFBPPR4602 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 15 Source.32: DFBPPR4617 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 1 Source.33: DFBPPR4891 ---- Plant proteins ---- Isoamylase 1, chloroplastic Source.34: DFBPPR5342 ---- Plant proteins ---- Nodulin-44 Source.35: DFBPPR5564 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acetolactate synthase 1, chloroplastic Source.36: DFBPPR5577 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acetolactate synthase 2, chloroplastic Source.37: DFBPPR5756 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase, acidic isoform Source.38: DFBPPR7016 ---- Plant proteins ---- Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic Source.39: DFBPPR7411 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acetolactate synthase 1, chloroplastic Source.40: DFBPPR7412 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acetolactate synthase 2, chloroplastic Source.41: DFBPPR7413 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acetolactate synthase 3, chloroplastic Source.42: DFBPPR7643 ---- Milk proteins ---- MICAL-like protein 1 Source.43: DFBPPR16038 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein amnionless Source.44: DFBPPR16048 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(I) chain Source.45: DFBPPR16114 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-5(IV) chain Source.46: DFBPPR16130 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 2 Source.47: DFBPPR16180 ---- Animal proteins ---- Orexin Source.48: DFBPPR16222 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter Source.49: DFBPPR16249 ---- Animal proteins ---- Alpha-L-iduronidase Source.50: DFBPPR16284 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-2(I) chain Source.51: DFBPPR16289 ---- Animal proteins ---- Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit beta Source.52: DFBPPR16292 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein unc-119 homolog A Source.53: DFBPPR16470 ---- Animal proteins ---- WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 Source.54: DFBPPR16842 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(II) chain Source.55: DFBPPR16926 ---- Animal proteins ---- Very long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Source.56: DFBPPR17088 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-2(I) chain Source.57: DFBPPR17137 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 Source.58: DFBPPR17162 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(IV) chain Source.59: DFBPPR17296 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dynamin-2 Source.60: DFBPPR17353 ---- Animal proteins ---- Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase-like N Source.61: DFBPPR17360 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(I) chain Source.62: DFBPPR17426 ---- Animal proteins ---- DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit Source.63: DFBPPR17446 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-arrestin-1 Source.64: DFBPPR17459 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 3 Source.65: DFBPPR17520 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 Source.66: DFBPPR17613 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain Source.67: DFBPPR17644 ---- Animal proteins ---- CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta Source.68: DFBPPR17902 ---- Animal proteins ---- PDZ and LIM domain protein 4 Source.69: DFBPPR17984 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta Source.70: DFBPPR18033 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cathelicidin-3 Source.71: DFBPPR18158 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coagulation factor XII Source.72: DFBPPR18244 ---- Animal proteins ---- Oviduct-specific glycoprotein Source.73: DFBPPR18317 ---- Animal proteins ---- G-protein coupled receptor 37-like 1 Source.74: DFBPPR18537 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(III) chain Source.75: DFBPPR18708 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 3 Source.76: DFBPPR18819 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasome activator complex subunit 4 Source.77: DFBPPR18823 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Source.78: DFBPPR18865 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(XI) chain Source.79: DFBPPR19033 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-2(XI) chain Source.80: DFBPPR19073 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 21 Source.81: DFBPPR19103 ---- Animal proteins ---- U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70 kDa Source.82: DFBPPR19191 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein unc-119 homolog A Source.83: DFBPPR19215 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dysferlin Source.84: DFBPPR19234 ---- Animal proteins ---- tRNA (adenine(58)-N(1))-methyltransferase catalytic subunit TRMT61A Source.85: DFBPPR19277 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolactin-releasing peptide Source.86: DFBPPR19410 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F Source.87: DFBPPR19571 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tonsoku-like protein Source.88: DFBPPR19632 ---- Animal proteins ---- E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF25 Source.89: DFBPPR19710 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-galactosidase Source.90: DFBPPR19745 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collectin-46 Source.91: DFBPPR19778 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter Source.92: DFBPPR19790 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium-binding protein 4 Source.93: DFBPPR19861 ---- Animal proteins ---- Phospholipid phosphatase-related protein type 2 Source.94: DFBPPR19917 ---- Animal proteins ---- PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 Source.95: DFBPPR20220 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endosome/lysosome-associated apoptosis and autophagy regulator family member 2 Source.96: DFBPPR20322 ---- Animal proteins ---- GTPase Era, mitochondrial Source.97: DFBPPR20350 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pinin Source.98: DFBPPR20377 ---- Animal proteins ---- RAS guanyl-releasing protein 4 Source.99: DFBPPR20520 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H2 Source.100: DFBPPR20564 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ras-related protein Rab-26 Source.101: DFBPPR20593 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pro-interleukin-16 Source.102: DFBPPR20620 ---- Animal proteins ---- GDP-D-glucose phosphorylase 1 Source.103: DFBPPR20822 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase Source.104: DFBPPR20922 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcipressin-2 Source.105: DFBPPR21134 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cell division cycle-associated protein 7 Source.106: DFBPPR21190 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 22 Source.107: DFBPPR21243 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 198 Source.108: DFBPPR21337 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 65 Source.109: DFBPPR21348 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 204 Source.110: DFBPPR21421 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein SMG8 Source.111: DFBPPR21754 ---- Animal proteins ---- BLOC-1-related complex subunit 6 Source.112: DFBPPR21775 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM193B Source.113: DFBPPR22199 ---- Animal proteins ---- SCAN domain-containing protein 1 Source.114: DFBPPR22229 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spermatogenesis-associated protein 22 Source.115: DFBPPR22326 ---- Animal proteins ---- WD repeat-containing protein 70 Source.116: DFBPPR22341 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zinc finger HIT domain-containing protein 2 Source.117: DFBPPR22417 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spermatogenesis-associated protein 46 Source.118: DFBPPR22470 ---- Animal proteins ---- Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 137 Source.119: DFBPPR22718 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 11 Source.120: DFBPPR22736 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein C16orf71 homolog Source.121: DFBPPR8608 ---- Animal proteins ---- Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3 Source.122: DFBPPR9012 ---- Animal proteins ---- Orexin Source.123: DFBPPR9164 ---- Animal proteins ---- Oviduct-specific glycoprotein Source.124: DFBPPR9557 ---- Animal proteins ---- Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A Source.125: DFBPPR9832 ---- Animal proteins ---- Olfactomedin-like protein 2A Source.126: DFBPPR9955 ---- Animal proteins ---- Progesterone receptor Source.127: DFBPPR9981 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(I) chain Source.128: DFBPPR10096 ---- Animal proteins ---- BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor Source.129: DFBPPR10283 ---- Animal proteins ---- Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6 Source.130: DFBPPR10520 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-2(IX) chain Source.131: DFBPPR10801 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(VI) chain Source.132: DFBPPR10820 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(IX) chain Source.133: DFBPPR10825 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-3(IX) chain Source.134: DFBPPR10905 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable G-protein coupled receptor 149 Source.135: DFBPPR10972 ---- Animal proteins ---- Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 5 Source.136: DFBPPR10979 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myc proto-oncogene protein Source.137: DFBPPR11028 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-6 Source.138: DFBPPR11061 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cyclin-A2 Source.139: DFBPPR11188 ---- Animal proteins ---- Visual system homeobox 1 Source.140: DFBPPR11202 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-binding protein C, fast-type Source.141: DFBPPR11292 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurogenic differentiation factor 4 Source.142: DFBPPR11375 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transcription factor E2F1 Source.143: DFBPPR11530 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A4 Source.144: DFBPPR11568 ---- Animal proteins ---- N-myc proto-oncogene protein Source.145: DFBPPR11688 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-binding protein H Source.146: DFBPPR11810 ---- Animal proteins ---- Homeobox protein BarH-like 1 Source.147: DFBPPR12044 ---- Animal proteins ---- 39S ribosomal protein L37, mitochondrial Source.148: DFBPPR12075 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 70, mitochondrial Source.149: DFBPPR12102 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nuclear envelope integral membrane protein 2 Source.150: DFBPPR12378 ---- Animal proteins ---- GDH/6PGL endoplasmic bifunctional protein Source.151: DFBPPR12396 ---- Animal proteins ---- Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A Source.152: DFBPPR12565 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K Source.153: DFBPPR12614 ---- Animal proteins ---- Interleukin-6 Source.154: DFBPPR12724 ---- Animal proteins ---- Integrin beta-8 Source.155: DFBPPR12744 ---- Animal proteins ---- Beta-arrestin-1 Source.156: DFBPPR12746 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-4(IV) chain Source.157: DFBPPR12792 ---- Animal proteins ---- T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Source.158: DFBPPR12832 ---- Animal proteins ---- Secretin receptor Source.159: DFBPPR12961 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily S member 3 Source.160: DFBPPR13727 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolactin-releasing peptide Source.161: DFBPPR14330 ---- Marine protein ---- Acetolactate synthase large subunit Source.162: DFBPPR14958 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase HAS1 Source.163: DFBPPR7890 ---- Plant protein ---- CASP-like protein 1E1
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antithrombotic activity

Blood coagulation was enhanced and all factors (total, enzyme, and non-enzyme) of the fibrinolytic system were suppressed in rats in 60 min after forced swimming test (FST). Arginine-containing tetrapeptide glyproline Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro administered prior to this test activated fibrinolysis and prevented hypercoagulation. Administration of this peptide in 5 min after swimming test also enhanced anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, and antithrombotic activity of the blood. Therefore, glyproline Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro exerted both preventive and curative effects on the hemostasis system and prevented enhancement of blood coagulation provoked by emotional stress modeled by forced swimming test. (The status of plasmatic fibrinolytic system was assessed on the non-stabilized fibrin plates by the following parameters: total fibrinolytic activity (TFA), fibrinolytic enzyme activity (FEA), and fibrinolytic non-enzyme activity (FNEA). The anticoagulant activity was determined by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Platelet aggregation (PA) was assessed with ADP test.)

Table 1. Early and Delayed Effects of FST on Hemostasis System in Rats (M ± m)
Experimental conditions	TFA, mm²	FNEA, mm²	FEA, mm²	APTT, sec	PA, index
Normal (intact rats)	40.4 ± 4.4	24.6 ± 0.3	15.6 ± 1.6	39.1 ± 1.4	14.1 ± 1.9
10 min after FST	68.7 ± 5.2^**	37.5 ± 1.5^**	31.2 ± 3.6^**	> 120.0^**	14.2 ± 2.9
60 min after FST	25.4 ± 0.5^**	17.0 ± 0.8^**	8.4 ± 0.6^**	26.5 ± 1.7^**	21.1 ± 2.8^**
Note. ^**p < 0.01 in comparison with the norm.

Table 2. Preventive Effects of RPGP on Hemostasis System in Rats Assessed in 60 min after FST (M ± m)
Experimental conditions	TFA, mm²	FNEA, mm²	FEA, mm²	APTT, sec	PA, index
Normal (intact rats)	38.0 ± 0.5	24.3 ± 0.3	13.6 ± 0.9	34.5 ± 1.0	12.2 ± 0.1
Experiment (RPGP + FST)	51.7 ± 1.7^**++	35.3 ± 1.3^**++	16.3 ± 0.9^*++	53.2 ± 3.6^**++	9.8 ± 0.3⁺⁺
Control (0.85% NaCl + FST)	28.2 ± 1.4^**	19.0 ± 0.7^**	9.2 ± 0.9^**	26.0 ± 1.1^*	17.1 ± 0.5^**
Note. Here and in Table 3: ^p < 0.05, ^*p < 0.01 in comparison with the norm; ⁺⁺p < 0.01 in comparison with the control.

Table 3. Early and Delayed Effects of FST on Hemostasis System in Rats (M ± m)
Experimental conditions	TFA, mm²	FNEA, mm²	FEA, mm²	APTT, sec	PA, index
Normal (intact rats)	34.6 ± 1.3	24.6 ± 3.4	10.0 ± 2.0	32.1 ± 3.2	14.0 ± 1.9
Experiment (FST + RPGP)	48.7 ± 1.7^**++	32.3 ± 0.7^**++	16.4 ± 1.4^**++	48.7 ± 4.5^**++	13.8 ± 0.8⁺
Control (FST + 0.85% NaCl)	24.5 ± 0.2^**	18.0 ± 0.9^**	6.5 ± 0.7^**	20.4 ± 2.3^**	17.5 ± 2.4^*
Note. ⁺p < 0.05 in comparison with the control.

Specific target protein(s)

Specific Target Protein(s):
Prothrombin

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@@]([H])(CCC1)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Synthetic peptide
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	RPGP was synthesized at the Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The revealed properties of arginine-containing glyproline expands the application area of the regulatory oligopeptides as the multi-target drugs, which can be used to maintain and enhance the adaptive potential of the organism as well as to prevent or even cure the stress-provoked abnormalities.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Grigor'eva ME, Lyapina LA. Antithrombotic Protective Effects of Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro Peptide during Emotional Stress Provoked by Forced Swimming Test in Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2017 Jan;162(3):300-302. PMID: 28091900 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3599-z
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2017