Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPRENI0027(Renin-inhibitory peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPRENI0027
Peptide sequence	WWK
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Renin-inhibitory peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Renin-inhibitory activity
Otheir bioactivity	ACE-inhibitory activity ^[D1], Multifunctional activity ^[D2]

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Trp-Trp-Lys

Single-letter amino acid

WWK

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
518.65 Da	518.62 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

10.04 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

-1.9000^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

66.67%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Plant
Organism/Source	Common Oat (Avena sativa)
Precursor protein	Avenin/Tryptophanins
Residue position	f(70–72)/f(65–67)
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0853 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-like 1a Source.2: DFBPPR1117 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cadmium/zinc-transporting ATPase HMA3 Source.3: DFBPPR1362 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ROS1C Source.4: DFBPPR1405 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-like 2 Source.5: DFBPPR1478 ---- Plant proteins ---- Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 2 Source.6: DFBPPR1591 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-like 1b Source.7: DFBPPR1839 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-24 Source.8: DFBPPR1865 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-22 Source.9: DFBPPR1867 ---- Plant proteins ---- Laccase-21 Source.10: DFBPPR2064 ---- Plant proteins ---- Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 1 Source.11: DFBPPR2256 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase 3 Source.12: DFBPPR2308 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger BED domain-containing protein RICESLEEPER 1 Source.13: DFBPPR2339 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger BED domain-containing protein RICESLEEPER 2 Source.14: DFBPPR2397 ---- Plant proteins ---- Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2A Source.15: DFBPPR2656 ---- Plant proteins ---- Expansin-A15 Source.16: DFBPPR2742 ---- Plant proteins ---- Uncharacterized protein Os08g0359500 Source.17: DFBPPR2744 ---- Plant proteins ---- Zinc finger BED domain-containing protein RICESLEEPER 3 Source.18: DFBPPR3348 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable methionine--tRNA ligase Source.19: DFBPPR3505 ---- Plant proteins ---- Ribosome biogenesis protein WDR12 homolog Source.20: DFBPPR3543 ---- Plant proteins ---- 26.7 kDa heat shock protein, chloroplastic Source.21: DFBPPR3553 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable auxin efflux carrier component 8 Source.22: DFBPPR3588 ---- Plant proteins ---- ASC1-like protein 3 Source.23: DFBPPR3632 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 4 Source.24: DFBPPR4097 ---- Plant proteins ---- Trafficking protein particle complex II-specific subunit 130 homolog Source.25: DFBPPR4438 ---- Plant proteins ---- Pre-mRNA-splicing factor SLU7 Source.26: DFBPPR4968 ---- Plant proteins ---- Seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-1 Source.27: DFBPPR4991 ---- Plant proteins ---- Seed linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase Source.28: DFBPPR5005 ---- Plant proteins ---- Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Source.29: DFBPPR5037 ---- Plant proteins ---- Seed linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-2 Source.30: DFBPPR5041 ---- Plant proteins ---- Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2D Source.31: DFBPPR5379 ---- Plant proteins ---- (E)-beta-farnesene synthase Source.32: DFBPPR5383 ---- Plant proteins ---- (E)-beta-caryophyllene synthase Source.33: DFBPPR5386 ---- Plant proteins ---- (S)-beta-macrocarpene synthase Source.34: DFBPPR5388 ---- Plant proteins ---- (S)-beta-macrocarpene synthase Source.35: DFBPPR5438 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tau-cadinol synthase Source.36: DFBPPR5464 ---- Plant proteins ---- Alpha-copaene synthase Source.37: DFBPPR5785 ---- Plant proteins ---- (E)-beta-caryophyllene synthase Source.38: DFBPPR6370 ---- Plant proteins ---- Seed linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-3 Source.39: DFBPPR6371 ---- Plant proteins ---- Seed linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-2 Source.40: DFBPPR6639 ---- Plant proteins ---- Puroindoline-A Source.41: DFBPPR6640 ---- Plant proteins ---- Puroindoline-B Source.42: DFBPPR6666 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur subunit, chloroplastic Source.43: DFBPPR6953 ---- Plant proteins ---- Small heat shock protein, chloroplastic Source.44: DFBPPR7032 ---- Plant proteins ---- Hordoindoline-B2 Source.45: DFBPPR7040 ---- Plant proteins ---- Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 1 Source.46: DFBPPR7047 ---- Plant proteins ---- Hordoindoline-A Source.47: DFBPPR7069 ---- Plant proteins ---- Hordoindoline-B1 Source.48: DFBPPR7193 ---- Plant proteins ---- Endoplasmin homolog Source.49: DFBPPR7749 ---- Plant proteins ---- Avenin Source.50: DFBPPR8422 ---- Plant proteins ---- 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase A Source.51: DFBPPR16105 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain Source.52: DFBPPR16317 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 1B member 1 Source.53: DFBPPR16318 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 1B member 1 Source.54: DFBPPR16563 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin-16 Source.55: DFBPPR16778 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolactin receptor Source.56: DFBPPR17030 ---- Animal proteins ---- Endothelin-converting enzyme 1 Source.57: DFBPPR17382 ---- Animal proteins ---- Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5 Source.58: DFBPPR17404 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysophosphatidylserine lipase ABHD12 Source.59: DFBPPR17533 ---- Animal proteins ---- Carboxypeptidase E Source.60: DFBPPR17613 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain Source.61: DFBPPR17619 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Source.62: DFBPPR17620 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Source.63: DFBPPR18538 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 Source.64: DFBPPR18787 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoU Source.65: DFBPPR18812 ---- Animal proteins ---- Vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 Source.66: DFBPPR19528 ---- Animal proteins ---- Methionine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic Source.67: DFBPPR19659 ---- Animal proteins ---- 39S ribosomal protein L9, mitochondrial Source.68: DFBPPR19788 ---- Animal proteins ---- Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 1B member 1 Source.69: DFBPPR19987 ---- Animal proteins ---- SH3 and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein Source.70: DFBPPR20647 ---- Animal proteins ---- Annexin A8 Source.71: DFBPPR21508 ---- Animal proteins ---- GPI transamidase component PIG-S Source.72: DFBPPR21547 ---- Animal proteins ---- Osteoclast-stimulating factor 1 Source.73: DFBPPR22432 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein FAM124B Source.74: DFBPPR22542 ---- Animal proteins ---- Transmembrane protein 151B Source.75: DFBPPR22571 ---- Animal proteins ---- Gypsy retrotransposon integrase-like protein 1 Source.76: DFBPPR22579 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proline-rich protein 15-like protein Source.77: DFBPPR22649 ---- Animal proteins ---- IQ domain-containing protein F5 Source.78: DFBPPR22679 ---- Animal proteins ---- MORN repeat-containing protein 3 Source.79: DFBPPR8726 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine-protein kinase ATM Source.80: DFBPPR8742 ---- Animal proteins ---- Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 Source.81: DFBPPR9079 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolactin receptor Source.82: DFBPPR9216 ---- Animal proteins ---- Netrin-1 Source.83: DFBPPR9862 ---- Animal proteins ---- Osteoclast-stimulating factor 1 Source.84: DFBPPR10323 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosine-protein kinase BTK Source.85: DFBPPR10435 ---- Animal proteins ---- Spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 Source.86: DFBPPR10445 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain Source.87: DFBPPR10499 ---- Animal proteins ---- Prolactin receptor Source.88: DFBPPR10646 ---- Animal proteins ---- Netrin-1 Source.89: DFBPPR10904 ---- Animal proteins ---- Signal transducing adapter molecule 2 Source.90: DFBPPR11455 ---- Animal proteins ---- Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 Source.91: DFBPPR11877 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ig mu chain C region Source.92: DFBPPR12168 ---- Animal proteins ---- Osteoclast-stimulating factor 1 Source.93: DFBPPR12272 ---- Animal proteins ---- Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 Source.94: DFBPPR12332 ---- Animal proteins ---- Bile salt export pump Source.95: DFBPPR12788 ---- Animal proteins ---- Macrophage metalloelastase Source.96: DFBPPR12996 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2C1 Source.97: DFBPPR13090 ---- Animal proteins ---- Annexin A8 Source.98: DFBPPR14966 ---- Microorganism protein ---- PAN2-PAN3 deadenylation complex catalytic subunit PAN2 Source.99: DFBPPR14997 ---- Microorganism protein ---- High osmolarity signaling protein SHO1 Source.100: DFBPPR15077 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Endopolyphosphatase Source.101: DFBPPR15151 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 2,5-diamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate reductase Source.102: DFBPPR15187 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Delta 8-(E)-sphingolipid desaturase Source.103: DFBPPR15226 ---- Microorganism protein ---- GPI mannosyltransferase 4 Source.104: DFBPPR15376 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Potential protein lysine methyltransferase SET5 Source.105: DFBPPR15393 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Inner membrane assembly complex subunit 17 Source.106: DFBPPR15790 ---- Microorganism protein ---- UPF0507 protein KLLA0D01133g Source.107: DFBPPR15854 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Polyphenol oxidase 1 Source.108: DFBPPR7764 ---- Plant protein ---- Zingiberene synthase Source.109: DFBPPR7776 ---- Plant protein ---- Beta-sesquiphellandrene synthase Source.110: DFBPPR8034 ---- Plant protein ---- Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 1 Source.111: DFBPPR8039 ---- Plant protein ---- Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase Source.112: DFBPPR8213 ---- Plant protein ---- Alpha-copaene synthase Source.113: DFBPPR8222 ---- Plant protein ---- Germacrene A synthase 1 Source.114: DFBPPR8223 ---- Plant protein ---- Germacrene A synthase 2 Source.115: DFBPPR8229 ---- Plant protein ---- Delta(8)-fatty-acid desaturase
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Renin-inhibitory activity	When tested at a concentration of 1 mg / mL, the inhibitory power of WWK to inhibit Renin (EC:3.4.23.15) was found to be approximately 10% (very weak).
Specific target protein(s)	Specific Target Protein(s): Renin

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	Renin inhibition assay of several chemically synthesised peptides from predicted oat protein protein hydrolysates following in silico digestion with the proteases papain and ficin.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:

Peptide	Solubility in Water	Resistance to Digestion	Allergenicity Probability
WWK	Good	No	33.3%

EHP-Tool:

Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	Non-Toxin
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

N.D

Database cross-references

DFBP

[D1]	DFBPACEI1965
[D2]	DFBPMUFU0592

[D3]

[D4]

[D5]

[D6]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Bleakley S, Hayes M, O' Shea N, Gallagher E, Lafarga T. Predicted Release and Analysis of Novel ACE-I, Renin, and DPP-IV Inhibitory Peptides from Common Oat (Avena sativa) Protein Hydrolysates Using in Silico Analysis. Foods. 2017 Dec 4;6(12):108. PMID: 29207547 DOI: 10.3390/foods6120108
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2017