Peptide properties

1Top 2Function-activity relationship 3Calculated physicochemical properties 4Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search 5Biological/Functional activity & target protein 6Taste properties & Structure 7Preparation method 8Stability & Cytotoxicity 9Additional information 10Database cross-references 11Reference(s)

List of peptide properties

DFBP ID - DFBPANTH0189(Antithrombotic peptide)

DFBP ID	DFBPANTH0189
Peptide sequence	IRDL
Type	Native peptide
Peptide/Function name	Antithrombotic peptide

Function-activity relationship

Main bioactivity	Antithrombotic activity
Otheir bioactivity	N.D

Calculated physicochemical properties

Three-letter amino acid

Ile-Arg-Asp-Leu

Single-letter amino acid

IRDL

Peptide length

Peptide mass

Experimental mass	Theoretical mass
515 Da	515.59 Da ^c

Net charge

0.00 ^c

Isoelectric point (pI)

6.74 ^c

IC₅₀

N.D

pIC₅₀

N.D

GRAVY

0.0750^c

Hydrophilic residue ratio

50%^c

Peptide calculator

Peptide source & Food-borne protein(s) search

Classification	Animal
Organism/Source	Centipedes (Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch)
Precursor protein	Centipedes protein
Residue position	N.D
Precursor protein(s) search	Source.1: DFBPPR0851 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 13 Source.2: DFBPPR0997 ---- Plant proteins ---- Tricin synthase 1 Source.3: DFBPPR1287 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA mismatch repair protein MSH5 Source.4: DFBPPR1288 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 5 Source.5: DFBPPR1377 ---- Plant proteins ---- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 6 Source.6: DFBPPR1394 ---- Plant proteins ---- Lipoxygenase 7, chloroplastic Source.7: DFBPPR1658 ---- Plant proteins ---- 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase 19 Source.8: DFBPPR1793 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phosphate transporter PHO1-1 Source.9: DFBPPR2048 ---- Plant proteins ---- Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor RSZ23 Source.10: DFBPPR2186 ---- Plant proteins ---- UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase 1 Source.11: DFBPPR2313 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-UA Source.12: DFBPPR2363 ---- Plant proteins ---- DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 30 Source.13: DFBPPR2432 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' Source.14: DFBPPR2593 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable lipoxygenase 8, chloroplastic Source.15: DFBPPR2706 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-14H Source.16: DFBPPR3084 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable metal-nicotianamine transporter YSL13 Source.17: DFBPPR3100 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-14E Source.18: DFBPPR3149 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit a, chloroplastic Source.19: DFBPPR3212 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-8A Source.20: DFBPPR3450 ---- Plant proteins ---- Disease resistance protein RGA5 Source.21: DFBPPR3511 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-14N Source.22: DFBPPR3608 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 3 Source.23: DFBPPR3656 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-7C Source.24: DFBPPR3683 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable metal-nicotianamine transporter YSL14 Source.25: DFBPPR3739 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-14B Source.26: DFBPPR3786 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-14D Source.27: DFBPPR3996 ---- Plant proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIN-14J Source.28: DFBPPR4062 ---- Plant proteins ---- Vacuolar fusion protein MON1 homolog Source.29: DFBPPR4150 ---- Plant proteins ---- Probable potassium transporter 16 Source.30: DFBPPR4391 ---- Plant proteins ---- Maltose excess protein 1-like, chloroplastic Source.31: DFBPPR4498 ---- Plant proteins ---- Cyclin-T1-1 Source.32: DFBPPR4534 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 4A Source.33: DFBPPR4650 ---- Plant proteins ---- BURP domain-containing protein 2 Source.34: DFBPPR4661 ---- Plant proteins ---- Protein argonaute 4B Source.35: DFBPPR4749 ---- Plant proteins ---- BURP domain-containing protein 8 Source.36: DFBPPR4758 ---- Plant proteins ---- BURP domain-containing protein 7 Source.37: DFBPPR4827 ---- Plant proteins ---- BURP domain-containing protein 1 Source.38: DFBPPR4828 ---- Plant proteins ---- BURP domain-containing protein 6 Source.39: DFBPPR4932 ---- Plant proteins ---- Two-component response regulator ORR30 Source.40: DFBPPR5709 ---- Plant proteins ---- indolin-2-one monooxygenase Source.41: DFBPPR5816 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' Source.42: DFBPPR5930 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit a, chloroplastic Source.43: DFBPPR6671 ---- Plant proteins ---- Phosphoribulokinase, chloroplastic Source.44: DFBPPR6807 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' Source.45: DFBPPR6873 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit a, chloroplastic Source.46: DFBPPR7177 ---- Plant proteins ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' Source.47: DFBPPR7243 ---- Plant proteins ---- ATP synthase subunit a, chloroplastic Source.48: DFBPPR7643 ---- Milk proteins ---- MICAL-like protein 1 Source.49: DFBPPR7696 ---- Milk proteins ---- Uterine milk protein Source.50: DFBPPR7738 ---- Plant proteins ---- Arginine decarboxylase Source.51: DFBPPR8190 ---- Plant proteins ---- Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase, peroxisomal Source.52: DFBPPR8518 ---- Milk proteins ---- MICAL-like protein 1 Source.53: DFBPPR16010 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type Source.54: DFBPPR16339 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dynamin-binding protein Source.55: DFBPPR16443 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 11 Source.56: DFBPPR16973 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fatty acid synthase Source.57: DFBPPR17072 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle Source.58: DFBPPR17280 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serine racemase Source.59: DFBPPR17296 ---- Animal proteins ---- Dynamin-2 Source.60: DFBPPR17344 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurexin-1 Source.61: DFBPPR17509 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type Source.62: DFBPPR17679 ---- Animal proteins ---- Platelet-derived growth factor subunit A Source.63: DFBPPR17893 ---- Animal proteins ---- Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 Source.64: DFBPPR18063 ---- Animal proteins ---- Microtubule-associated protein 1S Source.65: DFBPPR18081 ---- Animal proteins ---- 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 Source.66: DFBPPR18085 ---- Animal proteins ---- Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 Source.67: DFBPPR18261 ---- Animal proteins ---- S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme Source.68: DFBPPR18347 ---- Animal proteins ---- Nucleolar complex protein 2 homolog Source.69: DFBPPR18402 ---- Animal proteins ---- Uromodulin Source.70: DFBPPR18819 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proteasome activator complex subunit 4 Source.71: DFBPPR19024 ---- Animal proteins ---- UDP-glucose 4-epimerase Source.72: DFBPPR19038 ---- Animal proteins ---- Short transient receptor potential channel 1 Source.73: DFBPPR19612 ---- Animal proteins ---- Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Source.74: DFBPPR19669 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 1 Source.75: DFBPPR20140 ---- Animal proteins ---- Heat shock 70 kDa protein 14 Source.76: DFBPPR20142 ---- Animal proteins ---- Kinesin-like protein KIF3C Source.77: DFBPPR20230 ---- Animal proteins ---- RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase Source.78: DFBPPR20346 ---- Animal proteins ---- Serpin B6 Source.79: DFBPPR20479 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ribonuclease P protein subunit p29 Source.80: DFBPPR20625 ---- Animal proteins ---- DIS3-like exonuclease 1 Source.81: DFBPPR20782 ---- Animal proteins ---- Deoxynucleotidyltransferase terminal-interacting protein 1 Source.82: DFBPPR20942 ---- Animal proteins ---- 45 kDa calcium-binding protein Source.83: DFBPPR21178 ---- Animal proteins ---- Probable UDP-sugar transporter protein SLC35A5 Source.84: DFBPPR21215 ---- Animal proteins ---- Origin recognition complex subunit 6 Source.85: DFBPPR21464 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 2 Source.86: DFBPPR21501 ---- Animal proteins ---- Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 3 Source.87: DFBPPR21587 ---- Animal proteins ---- Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein homolog Source.88: DFBPPR21854 ---- Animal proteins ---- Suppressor of IKBKE 1 Source.89: DFBPPR21884 ---- Animal proteins ---- Calcium-binding protein 39 Source.90: DFBPPR22137 ---- Animal proteins ---- Epimerase family protein SDR39U1 Source.91: DFBPPR22226 ---- Animal proteins ---- Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family O member 2 Source.92: DFBPPR8575 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 Source.93: DFBPPR8780 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type Source.94: DFBPPR8862 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurofilament light polypeptide Source.95: DFBPPR9221 ---- Animal proteins ---- Catalase Source.96: DFBPPR9698 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ciliary neurotrophic factor Source.97: DFBPPR9781 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tripartite motif-containing protein 15 Source.98: DFBPPR9971 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ovotransferrin Source.99: DFBPPR10006 ---- Animal proteins ---- Toll-like receptor 2 type-1 Source.100: DFBPPR10147 ---- Animal proteins ---- Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS Source.101: DFBPPR10193 ---- Animal proteins ---- Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein Source.102: DFBPPR10293 ---- Animal proteins ---- Toll-like receptor 2 type-2 Source.103: DFBPPR10404 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 Source.104: DFBPPR10442 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurexin-1 Source.105: DFBPPR10497 ---- Animal proteins ---- Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7 Source.106: DFBPPR10603 ---- Animal proteins ---- Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain Source.107: DFBPPR10671 ---- Animal proteins ---- Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 65 Source.108: DFBPPR11039 ---- Animal proteins ---- Neurexin-3 Source.109: DFBPPR11437 ---- Animal proteins ---- 45 kDa calcium-binding protein Source.110: DFBPPR11444 ---- Animal proteins ---- Troponin T, cardiac muscle isoforms Source.111: DFBPPR11555 ---- Animal proteins ---- Choline O-acetyltransferase Source.112: DFBPPR11586 ---- Animal proteins ---- DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3 Source.113: DFBPPR11701 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 Source.114: DFBPPR11883 ---- Animal proteins ---- Hypoxia up-regulated protein 1 Source.115: DFBPPR12300 ---- Animal proteins ---- Platelet-derived growth factor subunit A Source.116: DFBPPR12342 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type Source.117: DFBPPR12343 ---- Animal proteins ---- Protein SLFN14 Source.118: DFBPPR12372 ---- Animal proteins ---- Rho-associated protein kinase 1 Source.119: DFBPPR12377 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle Source.120: DFBPPR12460 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, platelet type Source.121: DFBPPR12785 ---- Animal proteins ---- A-kinase anchor protein 9 Source.122: DFBPPR12875 ---- Animal proteins ---- Fatty acid synthase Source.123: DFBPPR12961 ---- Animal proteins ---- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily S member 3 Source.124: DFBPPR12985 ---- Animal proteins ---- Arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 Source.125: DFBPPR12999 ---- Animal proteins ---- Short transient receptor potential channel 1 Source.126: DFBPPR13183 ---- Animal proteins ---- ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type Source.127: DFBPPR13502 ---- Animal proteins ---- 45 kDa calcium-binding protein Source.128: DFBPPR13608 ---- Animal proteins ---- Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle Source.129: DFBPPR14004 ---- Animal proteins ---- Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 Source.130: DFBPPR14288 ---- Marine protein ---- Allophycocyanin beta chain Source.131: DFBPPR14327 ---- Marine protein ---- Allophycocyanin beta chain Source.132: DFBPPR14347 ---- Marine protein ---- Light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase subunit N Source.133: DFBPPR14360 ---- Marine protein ---- Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase beta subunit, chloroplastic Source.134: DFBPPR14971 ---- Microorganism protein ---- ATP-dependent RNA helicase DBP2 Source.135: DFBPPR15053 ---- Microorganism protein ---- 60S ribosomal subunit assembly/export protein LOC1 Source.136: DFBPPR15059 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Iron transport multicopper oxidase FET3 Source.137: DFBPPR15101 ---- Microorganism protein ---- GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 1 Source.138: DFBPPR15232 ---- Microorganism protein ---- U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 10 Source.139: DFBPPR15474 ---- Microorganism protein ---- GPN-loop GTPase 3 Source.140: DFBPPR15485 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Pre-mRNA-splicing factor PRP46 Source.141: DFBPPR15508 ---- Microorganism protein ---- RNA polymerase II transcription factor B subunit 3 Source.142: DFBPPR15531 ---- Microorganism protein ---- DNA replication complex GINS protein SLD5 Source.143: DFBPPR15621 ---- Microorganism protein ---- Spore membrane assembly protein 2 Source.144: DFBPPR15696 ---- Microorganism protein ---- pH-response regulator palI/RIM9 homolog 1 Source.145: DFBPPR7809 ---- Plant protein ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' Source.146: DFBPPR7851 ---- Plant protein ---- ATP synthase subunit a, chloroplastic Source.147: DFBPPR8241 ---- Plant protein ---- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'
Link-research Inductive analysis	There are no literature reports on the discovery of this sequence in other food-source proteins.

Biological/Functional activity & target protein

Antithrombotic activity

Results of the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test are presented in Fig. 1. The peptide IRDL prolonged the aPTT in a dose-dependent manner, but had no effects on Prothrombin time (PT). IRDL prolonged the aPTT from 33.3 to 67.3 s at the concentration of 1 mg/mL. The peptide had not strong activity as positive control heparin.
IRDL inhibited rabbit platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner following a 5 min incubation period. At the concentration of as little as 0.2 mg/mL, IRDL inhibited rabbit platelet aggregation by 3.9% (Fig. 2). IRDL at a concentration of 1 mg/mL inhibited human platelet aggregation by 17.2%, lower than that of ASA (19.1 %, 1 mg/mL).
Compared to the model control group, 5 and 10 mg/kg IRDL groups could significantly prolong the bleeding time (P < 0.01). At the equal dose (10 mg/ kg), the bleeding time of heparin was longer than those of IRDL (Fig. 3A). It implied that the risk of bleeding by IRDL treatment was lower than that of heparin.
In comparison with the control group, 5 and 10 mg/kg IRDL groups could significantly prolong whole blood clotting time (P < 0.01) as positive control heparin did. This indicated that IRDL had anticoagulant effect (Fig. 3B).

Fig. 1 aPTT activity of purified peptide IRDL. These purified peptide prolonged the aPTT clotting time in a dose-dependent manner.

Fig. 2 Platelet aggregation inhibiting activity of purified IRDL (filled triangles) and DLDHYSF (filled square). IRDL and DLDHYSF inhibited rabbit platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner following a 5 min incubation period.

Fig. 3 Effect of peptides on the bleeding time (A) and clotting time (B) in mouse. IRDL and DLDHYSF groups could significantly prolong the bleeding time, but FSVPAVY cannot do that. IRDL and FSVPAVY groups could significantly prolong the bleeding time, but DLDHYSF did not.

Specific target protein(s)

Specific Target Protein(s):
Prothrombin
Potential Target Protein(s):
Integrin beta-3
Integrin alpha-IIb
Integrin alpha-2
Platelet glycoprotein IX
Platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain
Platelet glycoprotein Ib beta chain
Platelet glycoprotein 4

Taste properties & Structure

Bitterness

Literature report	N.D
Bitter prediction tools	Bitter taste ^prediction

SMILES

N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(CC)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)O

Preparation method

Mode of preparation	Enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme(s)/starter culture	S. subspinipes mutilans (80 g) were ground to a powder in a mortar and then were extracted by stirring for 24 h in 2000 mL of water at 37 ℃. Then the water extracts were digested with pepsin at a concentration of 4 % (U/mL) for 4 h in artificial gastric juice at 37 ℃, and then were boiled for 10 min to inactivate the protease.

Stability & Cytotoxicity

Peptide stability

Literature report:	N.D
EHP-Tool:	Enzymatic Hydrolysis Prediction Tool (EHP-Tool)

Peptide cytotoxicity

Literature report:	N.D
Prediction:	ToxinPred

Additional information

The enzymatic hydrolysate of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans may contribute to the antithrombotic activity of the centipede for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Database cross-references

[D1]

[D2]

[D3]

[D4]

Reference(s)

Primary literature	Kong, Y., Li, S., Shao, Y., He, Z.-l., Chen, M.-m., Ming, X., et al. Antithrombotic Peptides from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans Hydrolysates. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics. 2013, 20, 245-52. DOI: 10.1007/s10989-013-9387-3
Other literature(s)	N.D
PubDate	2013